Fraser and Neave adviser says Thai tycoon's raised offer is "fair"

Wednesday 13 February 2013

Singapore, Feb 6: Fraser and Neave Ltd's (F99.SI) independent financial adviser JP Morgan said Thai billionaire Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi's new offer of S$9.55 ($7.74) per share for the Singapore property and drinks conglomerate is "fair".

Directors who hold F&N shares, including chairman Lee Hsien Yang, intend to accept Charoen's revised offer, the company said in a statement.

Charoen is now set to take over F&N in Southeast Asia's biggest-ever acquisition. He had declared his S$9.55-per-share offer, which values the Singapore company at around S$13.75 billion ($11.2 billion), as final.

Thailand's third-richest man raised his offer for F&N last week to S$9.55 a share, 7.5 percent higher than his previous offer of S$8.88, to fend off a rival bid by a group led by Singapore-listed property firm Overseas Union Enterprise Ltd (LJ3.SI).

The Overseas Union group decided not to raise its S$9.08-per-share offer, saying such a move was no longer attractive after recent measures taken by the Singapore government to cool the city-state's property market.

F&N shares have been trading at Charoen's offer price of S$9.55 since the Overseas Union group bowed out of the two-month battle with the Thai tycoon, indicating that the market does not expect a new bidder to emerge.

Charoen currently has a 45.32 percent stake in F&N, held through Thai Beverage PCL (Y92.SI) and TCC Assets Ltd. The company has property assets worth more than S$8 billion as well as soft drinks, dairy and publishing businesses.

Analysts say Charoen is likely to tap F&N's network in Singapore and Malaysia to distribute Chang Beer, brewed by Thai Beverage, as well as spirits, energy drinks and instant coffee. In Thailand, where he already has an edge, Charoen may in turn market F&N's brands.

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Italy central bank approves Monte Paschi bailout request

Rome, Feb 6 : Italy's central bank gave its approval to a request by scandal hit bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena for 3.9 billion euros ($5.3 billion) of state loans, the latest step in the battle to revive the ailing bank.

The Bank of Italy's backing was the final stage required to free up the financial help for Italy's third biggest lender, which this week revealed loss-making derivatives trades that could cost it about 720 million euros.

After a meeting that lasted most, the central bank issued a brief statement to say its board had given "a favorable opinion" on the bailout. It gave no further details.

The scandal surrounding Italy's oldest bank has hit its share price and prompted questions about how the risky deals could have been hidden from regulators.

The issue has shot to the center of the campaign for a February 24-25 national election and politicians have blamed the Bank of Italy (BOI), led by current European Central Bank President Mario Draghi at the time of the deals, for failing to spot them.

At the meeting the BOI's four member board, chaired by Governor Ignazio Visco, had to judge whether the bank's current and future capital adequacy and stability were sufficient to receive the loans.

The Tuscan bank was forced to seek state aid last year for the second time since 2009 after becoming one of just four European lenders that failed to meet tougher capital requirements set by regulators.

Under the loan scheme the bank will issue 3.9 billion euros of bonds to the Italian Treasury, with just under half of these replacing 1.9 billion euros of existing state help.

The lender's new management, appointed last year to turn it around, said the situation was "completely under control".

The bank will pay a hefty 9 percent coupon on the bonds, which are worth more than its current market capitalization of 3 billion euros. The coupon will increase by 0.5 percentage point every two years up to a maximum of 15 percent.

At a stormy meeting at Monte Paschi's Siena headquarters, shareholders approved two capital increases for 6.5 billion euros to be carried out if needed in the next five years, which are a condition of the state bailout.

That raises the prospect of possible nationalization, because if the bank cannot repay the state bonds or the coupons attached to them, it will have to issue shares to the Treasury.

Prime Minister Mario Monti said he considered nationalization a "remote hypothesis".

Monti, bidding for a second term in the election, defended his government's decision to rescue it with taxpayers' money. "It's a loan, with a high interest rate," he said.

At the World Economic Forum in Davos Visco sought to deflect accusations the BOI had not done its job properly.

"It is wrong to insinuate that there was a lack of supervision by the Bank of Italy," he said, adding the BOI would cooperate with prosecutors investigating the lender.

Draghi, also in Davos, took no questions from reporters.

Visco's task was made more difficult by a report in the Corriere della Sera daily which included excerpts of a document drafted by six BOI inspectors expressing concerns over the two main trades under scrutiny as long ago as 2010.

That document would have been sent to the BOI's head of bank supervision at the time, Anna Maria Tarantola, who has since left the bank to become president of state broadcaster RAI.

Visco sidestepped questions about whether Draghi knew about the 2008-09 derivatives trades, which involved Japanese bank Nomura and Deutsche Bank.

Internal auditors at Monte Paschi had detected anomalies at the bank's finance department responsible for derivative trades three years ago, daily Il Sole 24 Ore said.

Monte Paschi was already under investigation over its 9-billion-euro cash acquisition of smaller lender Antonveneta from Spain's Santander in 2007.

Santander had bought Antonveneta for 6.6 billion euros in a three-way break-up bid for Dutch bank ABN AMRO, and almost immediately sold it on to Monte dei Paschi netting a hefty gain.

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Why the Gozi virus should never have spread so far

New York, Feb 6 : People love to have a sense of closure, but don’t kid yourself: the FBI’s arrest this week of three men in connection with a computer virus called Gozi that stole money from thousands of people is by no means the end of this story.

The narrative arc of a computer virus incident has become so consistent it is almost predictable: early reports induce panicked headlines in the media, with scant details about the actual impact. Eventually, if someone is apprehended, the world moves on, even though the other big culprits never wind up in prison. I am referring, of course, to the people whose computers were affected by the virus. IT security breaches are the one time when it is almost always fair to put at least some of the blame on the victims themselves.

The Gozi virus is also known as a Trojan. It infiltrated businesses the way a certain legendary wooden horse rolled easily into Troy. The wooden horses, in this case, are the employees of businesses who click on suspicious links in an e-mail, or fail to recognize a phony banking website when they see one.

Jeffrey Posluns, a Montreal-based security consultant who also sits on the board of Governance Risk Compliance Security International (GRCSI), has seen it all before.

“It could be as simple as someone bringing in a USB stick with vacation pictures from their home computer,” he said. “It might be systems that haven’t been patched with the latest software update to defend against the virus. Ultimately there aren’t that many ways to break into a computer.”

Time to take IT security seriously

Those in the IT industry have been issuing dire warnings about the need for better enforcement of security policies in businesses for years, but that hasn’t stopped Gozi from affecting an estimated one million systems around the world, and stealing bank account information from scores of people. At a certain point you have to wonder what it will take for people to wake up and start treating their company’s data (and their own) with a little more care.

“I do think we may be getting a little bit better,” said George Odette, who founded the computer repair service Geeks on Site which assists both individuals and small businesses after a piece of malware hits. He cites his own mother, who was once clueless about IT security but now knows not everything she finds online is safe.

What may compound the problem is that so many businesses are now wrestling with how much freedom to give their employees around computer use. More of them are allowing the use of social media sites like Facebook during office hours, for example, or are creating policies that permit workers to bring in their own personal devices and connect them to the network.

The premise behind much of these new, more relaxed rules is that everyday people are more technology- savvy than ever before. The extent to which the likes of Gozi manage to inflict as much damage as the experts estimate may be the ultimate litmus test of whether companies are going to have to pull back on some IT privileges. It may take a considerable brilliance to develop a computer virus as sophisticated as Gozi, but spreading it depends on a great deal of carelessness and stupidity.


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2 siblings found dead

Kulgam, Feb 6 : Two septuagenarian siblings died under mysterious circumstances here in held Kashmir last night, police said.

 Abdul Aziz Dar, 72, and Muhammad Abdullah Dar, 75, of Wanpora died mysteriously at their home.

Both the brothers were sleeping in same room. Family members of deceased said that they knocked the door in morning and found both of them dead.

Police have registered a case and started investigations under section 174 CrPc.

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New LPG policy pushes up petrol sales in IHK

Srinagar, Feb 6 :: Sale of petrol in occupied Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed surge after the recent LPG policy came into effect which did disincentivize the use of gas in the vehicles.

According to data available with Greater Kashmir the three oil companies operating in the state have collectively sold around 340 lakh litres of petrol during October and November clocking business of more than Rs 250 crore.

“As per the estimates based on sales figures of the past year plus normal annual growth, the petrol sales should have been around 160 lakh litres per month during October and November last year, but with the LPG policy making it difficult for vehicle owners to use LPG as a fuel, sales of petrol have increased by at least 10 lakh litres per month,” said an official of Oil company working here.
 The LPG policy came into effect from October which restricted the subsidy on cooking gas to six cylinders (later enhanced to nine cylinders) in a financial year.

 The official said the average sales of petrol per month in October and November 2011 were around 150 lakh litres per month.

  “As per the norms of the oil market, the companies were expecting sales to be around 160 lakh litres during the corresponding period last year. But during October and November oil companies in the state witnessed increase of more than 10 lakh litres per month above normal growth,” he said, adding that the increase in the demand and sales has brought additional Rs 7 crore per month business to the oil companies.

 Pertinently increasing in the sales of petrol can also be attributed to the fact that pre-2000 there were only 56 retail outlets of petroleum in the held Kashmir valley but during the last 12 years the number has increased to 203 in Valley alone, while the overall number of outlets in the state is 477.

 However according to the officials of oil companies, the sales of petrol witnessed downward trend during the month of the December which according to them is due to the LPG being once again used as fuel in vehicles as most of the consumers have fulfilled KYC formalities and can easily get the LPG cylinders.

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Health alarm in IHK

Srinagar, Feb 6 : What could spark a major health concern, around 300 persons have tested positive for Hepatitis C virus in Takiya Magam village of held Kashmir’s Islamabad (Anantnag) district.

Public health experts told Greater Kashmir that the investigation by Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) lab of the Directorate of Health Services confirmed that 30 percent of the 1081 samples tested positive for Hepatitis C virus in the village.

Health experts say the scenario is extremely alarming and an epidemic of very high magnitude. According to them, the suspected source of the outbreak is the unhygienic and unprofessional chemists and diagnostics centers operating in the areas which led to high incidence of the virus.

The health officials including the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of the district, Dr Gulzar Ahmad, said the situation was under control as “there is no death due to Hepatitis C”.

He has urged villagers not to panic, however the public health experts examining the outbreak are concerned that more people could be affected in the neighboring villages.

“There are a good number of clinics and diagnostic centres operating in and around the area under unhygienic conditions so there are chances that the infection will spread,” Dr Rehana Kounsar, State Surveillance Officer, said. “Hepatitis C is a terrible illness and viral hepatitis often doesn’t present any symptoms until there’s already damage to liver,” she said.

“There is no vaccine for it. At present the screening process is going on in the entire community. We will provide for further testing of those people who test positive,” she said.

Dr SM Qadri, an Epidemiologist in the Health Department said: “No doubt the treatment for the infection is expensive, but there is only five to 10 percent probability of infection causing Chronic Liver Disease depending upon the immunity in the infected persons.”

An expert team from the Directorate of Health Services had taken 1081 blood samples from the area since January 11 after Chief Medical Officer (CMO) reported about the presence of Hepatitis C virus in some patients. “The team visited the area many times and took samples from the people those in close contact with the infected persons,” Dr Qadri said.

He said the Health Department was planning to send the samples to National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) for the Genotyping of the virus. “It will help us to decide about the treatment plan,” Dr Qadri said.

The unhygienic chemist shops and dental clinics blamed for the spread of Hepatitis C infection are still operating in the area.
Sources suspected the drug mafia for the passive response from the health officials. “The Health and Drug departments have failed to stop their functioning in the area,” they alleged.

Sources further said that although a joint team of Directorate of Health Services Kashmir and Drug Department visited the area soon after the outbreak of Hepatitis C and announced closure of unhygienic medical shops and some dental clinics and diagnostic centers, there was no follow-up action. The team comprised Assistant Drug Controller, Islamabad (Anantnag) Muhammad Iqbal Palla and Chief Medical Officer (CMO) Islamabad Dr Gulzar Ahmad.

“Earlier, the officials revealed to media that they have initiated action against chemists, medical laboratories and dental clinics for violating the norms and operating in unhygienic conditions. But later most of them have broken the seal and started operating again,” the sources said.

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Coffee consumption reduces fibrosis risk in those with fatty liver disease

Islamabad, Feb 6: Caffeine consumption has long been associated with decreased risk of liver disease and reduced fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.

Now, newly published research confirms that coffee caffeine consumption reduces the risk of advanced fibrosis in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Findings published in the Hepatology, a journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, show that increased coffee intake, specifically among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), decreases risk of hepatic fibrosis.

The steady increase in rates of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome over the past 20 years has given rise to greater prevalence of NAFLD. In fact, experts now believe NAFLD is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S., surpassing both hepatitis B and C. The majority of patients will have isolated fatty liver which has a very low likelihood of developing progressive liver disease. However, a subset of patients will have NASH, which is characterized by inflammation of the liver, destruction of liver cells, and possibly scarring of the liver. Progression to cirrhosis (advanced scarring of the liver) may occur in about 10-11% of NASH patients over a 15 year period, although this is highly variable.

To enhance understanding of the correlation between coffee consumption and the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, a team led by Dr. Stephen Harrison, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army at Brooke Army Medical Center in Fort Sam Houston, Texas surveyed participants from a previous NAFLD study as well as NASH patients treated at the center's hepatology clinic. The 306 participants were asked about caffeine coffee consumption and categorized into four groups: patients with no sign of fibrosis on ultrasound (control), steatosis, NASH stage 0-1, and NASH stage 2-4.

Researchers found that the average milligrams in total caffeine consumption per day in the control, steatosis, Nash 0-1, and Nash 2-4 groups was 307, 229, 351 and 252; average milligrams of coffee intake per day was 228, 160, 255, and 152, respectively. There was a significant difference in caffeine consumption between patients in the steatosis group compared to those with NASH stage 0-1. Coffee consumption was significantly greater for patients with NASH stage 0-1, with 58% of caffeine intake from regular coffee, than with NASH stage 2-4 patients at only 36% of caffeine consumption from regular coffee.

Multiple analyses showed a negative correlation between coffee consumption and risk of hepatic fibrosis. "Our study is the first to demonstrate a histopatholgic relationship between fatty liver disease and estimated coffee intake," concludes Dr. Harrison. "Patients with NASH may benefit from moderate coffee consumption that decreases risk of advanced fibrosis. Further prospective research should examine the amount of coffee intake on clinical outcomes."

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DNA test that identifies down syndrome in pregnancy can also detect trisomy 18 and trisomy 13

Islamabad, Feb 6 : A newly available DNA-based prenatal blood test that can identify a pregnancy with Down syndrome can also identify two additional chromosome abnormalities: trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome).

The test for all three defects can be offered as early as 10 weeks of pregnancy to women who have been identified as being at high risk for these abnormalities.

These are the results of an international, multicenter study published in the journal Genetics in Medicine. The study, the largest and most comprehensive done to date, adds to the documented capability of the tests by examining results in 62 pregnancies with trisomy 18 and 12 pregnancies with trisomy 13.Together with the Down syndrome pregnancies reported earlier, 286 trisomic pregnancies and 1,702 normal pregnancies are included in the report.

The research was led by Glenn Palomaki, PhD, and Jacob Canick, PhD, of the Division of Medical Screening and Special Testing in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and included scientists at Sequenom Inc. and Sequenom Center for Molecular Medicine, San Diego, CA, and an independent academic laboratory at the University of California at Los Angeles.

The test identified 100% (59/59) of the trisomy 18 and 91.7% (11/12) of the trisomy 13 pregnancies.The associated false positive rates were 0.28 and 0.97%, respectively. Overall, testing failed to provide a clinical interpretation in 17 women (0.9%); three of these women had a trisomy 18 pregnancy. By slightly raising the definition of a positive test for chromosome 18 and 13, the detection rate remained constant, but the false positive rate could be as low as 0.1%.These findings, along with the detailed information learned from testing such a large number of samples, demonstrate that the new test will be highly effective when offered to women considering invasive testing.

"Our previous work demonstrated the ability to identify Down syndrome, the most common trisomy.These new data extend the finding to the next two most common trisomies and will allow for wider use of such testing with the ability to identify all three common trisomies," said Dr. Palomaki."The new DNA test can now also be offered to women identified as being as high risk for trisomy 18 or trisomy 13, as well those at high risk for Down syndrome."

"This highly sensitive and specific DNA test has the potential to impact on couples' decision-making," says Dr. Canick."A woman whose pregnancy was identified as high risk who earlier would have chosen not to have invasive diagnostic testing, might now consider the DNA test as a safe way to obtain further information, before making a final decision."The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in 1995 that about one in every 200 invasive diagnostic procedures will cause a pregnancy miscarriage.

Trisomy 18, also called Edwards syndrome, is a serious disorder with up to 70% of first trimester affected fetuses being spontaneously lost during pregnancies.Among those born alive, half die within a week with only 5% surviving the first year.All have serious medical and developmental problems.About 1,330 infants with trisomy 18 would be born in the US each year in the absence of prenatal diagnosis.Trisomy 13, also called Patau syndrome, is less common but equally serious.About 600 infants with trisomy 13 would be born in the US each year in the absence of prenatal diagnosis.Like Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are more common as maternal age increases.For comparison, about 7,730 Down syndrome cases would be born each year in the absence of prenatal diagnosis.Current prenatal screening tests for trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 rely on both biochemical and ultrasound markers.

This industry-sponsored project, awarded to Drs. Palomaki and Canick and Women & Infants Hospital in 2008, enrolled 4,500 women at 27 prenatal diagnostic centers throughout the world.Women & Infants also served as one of the enrollment centers under the direction of maternal-fetal medicine specialist and director of Perinatal Genetics, Barbara O'Brien, MD.

"It is clinically more relevant that all three trisomies can be detected by this test," said Dr. O'Brien."Having access to such a comprehensive, DNA-based test that can be done early in pregnancy will give us more information so that we can better guide which patients should consider diagnostic testing."

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Untangling the mysteries of Alzheimer's

Islamabad, Feb 6 : One of the most distinctive signs of the development of Alzheimer's disease is a change in the behavior of a protein that neuroscientists call tau.

In normal brains, tau is present in individual units essential to neuron health. In the cells of Alzheimer's brains, by contrast, tau proteins aggregate into twisted structures known as "neurofibrillary tangles."

These tangles are considered a hallmark of the disease, but their precise role in Alzheimer's pathology has long been a point of contention among researchers.

Now, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have found new evidence that confirms the significance of tau to Alzheimer's. Instead of focusing on tangles, however, their work highlights the intermediary steps between a single tau protein unit and a neurofibrillary tangle -- assemblages of two, three, four, or more tau proteins known as "oligomers," which they believe are the most toxic entities in Alzheimer's.

"What we discovered is that there are smaller structures that form before the neurofibrillary tangles, and they are much more toxic than the big structures," said Rakez Kayed, UTMB assistant professor and senior author of a paper on the work now online in the FASEB Journal. "And we established that they were toxic in real human brains, which is important to developing an effective therapy."

According to Kayed, a key antibody developed at UTMB called T22 enabled the team to produce a detailed portrait of tau oligomer behavior in human brain tissue. Specifically designed to bond only to tau oligomers (and not lone tau proteins or neurofibrillary tangles), the antibody made it possible for the researchers to use a variety of analytical tools to compare samples of Alzheimer's brain with samples of age-matched healthy brain.

"One thing that's remarkable about this research is that before we developed this antibody, people couldn't even see tau oligomers in the brain," Kayed said. "With T22, we were able to thoroughly characterize them, and also study them in human brain cells."

Among the researchers' most striking findings: in some of the Alzheimer's brains they examined, tau oligomer levels were as much as four times as high as those found in age-matched control brains.

Other experiments revealed specific biochemical behavior and structures taken on by oligomers, and demonstrated their presence outside neurons -- in particular, on the walls of blood vessels.

"We think this is going to make a big impact scientifically, because it opens up a lot of new areas to study," Kayed said. "It also relates to our main focus, developing a cure for Alzheimer's. And I find that very, very exciting."

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Lawsuit: Kabul embassy guards told to lie about long hours

Kabul, Feb 5 : The company responsible for providing security at the U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan has at times directed guards to underreport the number of hours they worked to avoid revealing that they have been on the job up to 18 hours per day, according to a federal lawsuit filed this week on behalf of people who have served on the guard force.

In addition, supervisors at the company, Aegis Defense Services, "regularly edited employees' timesheets so that they did not reveal any work beyond the Regular Schedule," the lawsuit says.

Aegis employees in Kabul are supposed to work 72 hours per week but have regularly exceeded that, on many occasions working 14- to 18-hour days for six or seven days per week, the lawsuit says.

While the extra hours allowed Aegis to meet its staffing obligations to the State Department, the employees were not paid for that time, the suit alleges.

The civil suit seeks money allegedly owed to affected guards and says "the amount in controversy exceeds $5 million." Filed as a class action, it accuses Aegis of breach of contract and unjust enrichment.

The four plaintiffs named in the lawsuit are described as a former senior guard, a dog handler, and two former emergency medical technicians. The lawsuit estimates that the class has at least 200 members.

A lawyer for the plaintiffs, Hillary Schwab, told the Project on Government Oversight (POGO) that those she represents were "overworked, fatigued, and exhausted, which made them unable to carry out their assigned duties protecting the embassy."

"No one whom I've interviewed...failed to make this point of their own accord. They just couldn't do the job," Schwab said.

News of the lawsuit comes as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is testifying on Capitol Hill today about the Sept. 11, 2012 attack that killed Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and three other Americans in Benghazi, Libya. In addition, President Obama's nominee to succeed Clinton, Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), is scheduled to appear for a confirmation hearing tomorrow.

Clinton is fielding questions from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on diplomatic security, and Kerry is expected to face similar questions.

The lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, dovetails with allegations that the private security force responsible for protecting the embassy in Kabul has been stretched dangerously thin by long hours for days on end.

As POGO reported last week, people who have worked for Aegis in Kabul allege that security weaknesses have left the embassy -- perhaps the most at-risk U.S. diplomatic post in the world -- vulnerable to attack.

Former congressman Christopher Shays (R-Conn.), who co-chaired the federal Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, said that if that commission were still in business it would be holding hearings on the allegations. In an interview, Shays said congressional oversight committees should investigate.

"Those are serious concerns and they can't be ignored," Shays said.

"If the accusations are accurate, you've got a management problem. If they are not accurate, you've got a problem with those who are doing the work," he said. "But in either case you've got a problem."

Speaking before the lawsuit was filed and without knowledge of it, Shays said if a company under contract to provide embassy security systematically asked employees to misrepresent their hours worked, that company should be replaced, and if individuals within the company gave such directions, they should be fired.

Through a spokesman, Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-Missouri), a key watchdog of diplomatic security in her role as chairman of a Senate subcommittee on contracting oversight, called the allegations in POGO's report "disturbing."

"Years after hearings I chaired highlighted problems at the Embassy in Kabul, the State Department's management and oversight of private security contractors is still woefully inadequate," she said in a statement. "I plan to have a serious conversation -- one that includes Senator Kerry -- about what kinds of changes need to be made to ensure that our embassy personnel are protected," she added.

In interviews and written communications with POGO, people who have served on the embassy guard force in Kabul said problems persisted there even after the deadly attack in Benghazi put diplomatic security in the spotlight.

Last July, dozens of guards signed a petition submitted to Aegis and the State Department expressing a vote of no confidence in three guard force leaders. Soon after that, two guards who helped organize the petition were fired in what they said was retaliation for their whistleblowing.

A July 18, 2012 State Department memo obtained by POGO appeared to allude to the guards' protest when it said a "mutiny" within the protective force "put the security of the Embassy at risk." The memo, which  called the mutiny "baseless," did not mention the petition explicitly.

Spokesmen for Aegis and the State Department did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the lawsuit today.

Aegis declined to answer questions for the POGO report published last week. "Per our contractual obligations, all questions and inquiries regarding this contract should be directed to the Department of State's Public Affairs Office," company spokesman Joshua C. Huminski wrote.

The State Department last week told POGO that "no guard is scheduled to work more than 12 hours per shift."

"[S]ome contract personnel were required to work additional days, partly due to the need for intensive in-service training," the department said in a written response to questions.

"Through Government oversight, contract adjustments, and Aegis' adherence to contract requirements, the number of hours and days the guards worked were limited to contract requirements, and the Department maintained its primary objective of ensuring the safety and security of the Embassy," the department said.

The State Department denied that it sought the removal of any contract workers for raising concerns and said individuals had been removed "for other reasons."

A senior State Department official testified last month that after the killings in Benghazi the government sent teams to assess security at 19 posts in 13 countries. The department later told POGO that the teams were not sent to the embassy in Kabul.

"[D]ue to its location in a non-permissive environment," the department said, security was already heightened there and "it was determined that the inter-agency assessment teams would be best utilized at other locations."

Brooke Sammon, a spokeswoman for Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), who is a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said that in the wake of the attacks on U.S. diplomatic facilities last September, "it is essential that the State Department review the security of all posts overseas, particularly those we know are in dangerous parts of the world."

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New threat seen in Afghan pullout

Puzeh, Feb 5: Afghan rural areas will be at greater risk of falling to the Taliban if the U.S. accedes to Kabul's demands to speed up the withdrawal of special-operations teams working with Afghan village self-defense units, an internal report prepared for the U.S. military warned.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai, during talks with President Barack Obama in Washington this month, secured an agreement on withdrawing U.S. troops from Afghan villages this spring, months ahead of previous schedules. Afghan officials indicated they believe this commitment includes the special-operations teams working with village forces known as the Afghan Local Police. Coalition officials said the matter is under discussion.

The ALP have been built and trained by coalition special-operations units in rural areas that are usually beyond the reach of the Afghan army and regular police. Around 19,000 local police have been deployed since the program began in 2010.

The report, written by a research firm with ties to the Pentagon, warned that the ALP program is in danger of collapse—and that local leaders may be more vulnerable to assassination and intimidation—in case of a too-rapid U.S. pullout, according to excerpts viewed by The Wall Street Journal.

That conclusion echoes longstanding concerns aired by military commanders who prefer that a withdrawal be built around conditions on the ground, rather than deadlines.

"A lot of locals have put their necks out against the Taliban," said Seth Jones, associate director of the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the RAND Corp., who said he wasn't aware of the report but had spoken to Afghan officials about the issue. "If you pull [special-operations forces] outthe villagers are going to be the ones that pay the price."

Afghan and coalition officials are discussing how to adjust its timeline, said U.S. Army Lt. Col. Tom Bryant, a spokesman for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Special Operations Component Command-Afghanistan, which is responsible for the ALP program.

"There obviously are consequencesif a precipitous departure from all villages is directed," he said. "Our headquarters is working to further define those [consequences] and develop mitigating strategies as a contingency."

Sediq Sediqqi, the spokesman for the Afghan Interior Ministry, which oversees ALP, declined to comment on the negotiations.

The U.S. military has long billed the ALP, a project that was implemented over Mr. Karzai's objections, as the centerpiece of its counterinsurgency campaign. At present, around 17% of Afghanistan's population—roughly 5 million people—are protected by ALP units, according to the Special Operations Command.

The ALP program is controversial: Officials in Kabul and human-rights advocates worry it could pave the way for the return of lawless militias once international forces go home. Some ALP members have been involved in extortion, murder and rape, according to the watchdog Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission.

"This is not a perfect program, by any stretch of the imagination," said U.S. Army Col. Don Bolduc, deputy commanding general for NATO Special Operations Component Command-Afghanistan. But, he added, "the misconduct is extremely low in comparison to the numbers that are out there."

Col. Bolduc said ALP members have been held accountable for misconduct, including a high-profile case in which four local police officers received lengthy convictions for sexual assault. The program, he said, provides better government oversight than unregulated militias.

The military-commissioned report reflects a major concern of U.S. special operations advisers: whether the ALP experiment in rural policing will survive, particularly in Afghan communities that have only a tenuous link to the central government.

One of those communities is Puzeh, an outpost in southern Helmand province, Afghanistan's prime opium-growing country and the Taliban's historic heartland. Two years ago, the Taliban "had complete freedom of movement here," said a Marine special-operations team sergeant working with the ALP in Puzeh. A year ago, the Marines and Afghan police fought raging gunbattles to reclaim the area.

Today, the U.S. advisers stroll outside their mud-brick compound without body armor. ALP members patrol in pickup trucks and on motorbikes and man checkpoints along Highway 611, the main road in the district.

On a recent day, a special-operations team leader, wearing traditional Afghan dress, stopped to visit a mosque under construction. Then, following a chat with an ALP patrol, he went for a spin on the village's unpaved road on a borrowed Afghan bicycle.

Military officials describe the ALP program as a tenuous experiment that depends on the effectiveness of the Afghan government, where corruption has helped drive support for the insurgency; in some areas, the Taliban have been able to offer dispute resolution and other services as an alternative to corrupt and ineffectual local bodies.

"We can help them all day long, but if they don't have confidence in their district government, then it's all for naught," said a Marine special operations company commander in Puzeh.

In another village outpost in Helmand, a U.S. Navy SEAL team leader described his worry that ALP units could collapse without serious backing from the Afghan state.

The most optimistic outcome, he said, is that ALP and the villagers "will have enough of a connection to government, they'll prefer the government to the Taliban."

But, the SEAL team leader reckoned, the locals "will probably make some sort of small deals with [the Taliban], and make sort of a peace treaty" once the Americans leave.

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Afghanistan's colossal intelligence failure

Kabul, Feb 5: Close observers of Afghanistan are not likely to be surprised by recent allegations contained in a United Nations report that the Afghan National Security Directorate, the CIA's leading counterterrorism partner in South Asia, used whips and electric shocks to squeeze confessions out of suspected insurgent detainees.

There are many ways to describe the directorate, or NDS as it is locally known, but a model of modern intelligence gathering and investigative efficiency is not one of them.

The report, which was quietly published on the website of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, details a grim pattern of abuse and mistreatment in NDS prisons, and has put yet another dent in NDS's reputation at a time when the Afghan intelligence agency has never been more vulnerable. A key partner in the ongoing U.S. quest to contain transnational terrorism in South and Central Asia, NDS seems to have fallen on very hard times of late. Yet, few in Washington appear ready to confront the implications of NDS's downward spiral, a trend that seems to be accelerating as NATO marches toward the exit.

Last week, in an unprecedented show of force at least half a dozen Taliban fighters charged the gates of NDS headquarters in central Kabul, set off a suicide truck bomb and nearly blasted their way straight into the central nervous system of the Afghan intelligence agency. Some 32 civilians and security personnel were injured, and at least one NDS officer was killed on the spot. The attack might have been a little less demoralizing, however, had it not been for another purported Taliban assault in Kabul only a month earlier on an alleged NDS safe house in central Kabul that severely wounded the agency's well-known chief, Asadullah Khalid.

Both incidents beg a couple of questions that US, NATO and Afghan officials must all be asking themselves these days. First, just how safe is an Afghan intelligence agency safe house if a suicide bomber can gain entry and blow up the director of said intelligence agency? And, what do the latest assaults mean for NATO's transition out of the country? Like many things in Afghanistan, the answer is both simple and complex.

In the "simple" column: Asadullah Khalid, the newly ordained head of Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security, probably has about as many enemies-personal and political-as he does friends. The December 6 attack on Khalid was the fifth in as many years. A two-time governor who served in the volatile and politically pivotal provinces of Kandahar and Ghazni, Khalid is a high roller with deep ties to mujahideen elites. His close associates run the gamut from hardcore Islamist conservative Afghan elites such as Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, a cagey Pashtun commander who trained 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammad, to Ahmed Wali Karzai, the late and legendary glad-handing southern brother of President Hamid Karzai.

Originally from Ghazni, a part of Afghanistan whose political, ethnic and religious paroxysms most closely parallel that of Florida, Khalid has counted coup in innumerable Afghan skirmishes spanning from the late 1980's to the present. Before President Karzai appointed him governor of Ghazni in 2002, Khalid served as head of NDS's provincial affairs department, and, several of his colleagues aver, was a first runner up to replace NDS's first director, Engineer Arif Sarwary when Sarwary stepped down in 2004. Instead, however, Karzai's inner circle eventually decided in 2005 that Khalid would be a better fit as governor of the president's home province, Kandahar.

It was in Kandahar that Khalid burnished a reputation for applying tough tactics to insurgent detainees after Canadian diplomat Richard Colvin alleged in testimony before the Canadian parliament in November 2009 that Khalid "personally tortured people" in a "dungeon" beneath his residence. Khalid has repeatedly denied the Canadian claims.

An ethnic Pashtun who also briefly served as minister of borders and tribal affairs before his appointment to NDS, Khalid has rejected similar allegations lodged in the British high court late last year. Khalid's denials aside, the most recent UN report on NDS torture practices would certainly seem to bear out a persistent pattern in the Afghan presidential palace of ignoring the obvious when it is convenient to do so.

In the "complex" column, a combination of hubris, insouciance, and vanity peculiar to many of Kabul's leading powerbrokers seems to have left Khalid especially vulnerable to violent fissures that are slowly rendering the once relatively effective Afghan intelligence agency ineffective and deeply compromised. Shortly before the bombing, Khalid coupled his denials of involvement in torture with equally vehement and venomous anti-Taliban rhetoric. During his testimony before Afghanistan's lower house of parliament before his appointment was confirmed in September, he alternately promised to exterminate Taliban outliers who refuse to accept Karzai's reconciliation terms and to support cross border operations into Pakistan in response to cross border shelling by the Pakistani army along the country's eastern border.

Khalid at one point purportedly took control of the CIA-backed Kandahar Strike Force, an aggressive local militia that was accused in 2010 by Afghan officials of assassinating the southern province's local police chief. Not long after his adventures in Kandahar, Khalid got involved in backing a controversial anti-Taliban uprising in Ghazni by provincial locals. Not exactly the best way to win friends and influence people in a tough neighborhood where the biggest house on the block is owned by the Pakistani military, a key supporter of the Afghan Taliban.

All of the above without doubt made the NDS chief especially susceptible. But there are two other critical factors that also played important roles in the attack on Khalid and the one-two-punch assault on NDS headquarters a month later. The first factor is factionalism. Factionalism within the official state Afghan security services has been a fact of life since they were created, but the phenomenon has worsened considerably since the onset of NATO's transition out of the country, and it has not left Afghanistan's chief intelligence agency untouched. Karzai has hired and fired a total of four NDS chiefs since 2002, including two within the last two years -- Khalid and Karzai's former personal security chief Rahmatullah Nabil. Each changing of the guard has been followed by purge and counter-purge of various networks affiliated with the new chiefs, leaving deep wells of mistrust, particularly between the largely non-Pashtun retinue of NDS officers allied with the Northern Alliance and Pashtuns affiliated either with Sayyaf, warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar or others of a more Islamist bent.

Meanwhile, growing concerns among NDS leaders about increased infiltration of insurgents and Iranian and Pakistani double agents within their ranks has resulted in the reported arrests of a little more than a dozen NDS officials in the last year. These problems have been known for sometime but only really started turning heads at the headquarters of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) when in April 2012 the NDS failed to accurately analyze scads of tips about an impending attack on Kabul that was billed as one of the largest in the entire war. Conflicts between Pashtuns and the primarily Panjshiri Tajik dominated officer corps of the NDS have been cited as among the main reasons that information about that attack did not reach the right people at the right time in Kabul.

The second factor is Khalid's personal blind spot. At 43, Khalid cuts quite the dashing figure, and a one-time colleague of Khalid told me recently that he is known amongst his peers as having a predilection for a bit of flash and panache. Indeed, the guesthouse where the suicide bomber struck is situated in one of the tonier areas of the capital, and for several months before the incident in question and well before Khalid's appointment to NDS it was thought to be his personal playhouse. Neighbors recall hearing raucous music blaring out of the so-called NDS safe house Khalid had occupied and some distinctly recall the party until dawn atmosphere that the property frequently appeared to witness. It is unclear whether the NDS chief was mixing business with pleasure at the house, but it is undeniable that his address, his presence and his seeming love of loud music was well known to most in the neighborhood well before the bombing.

Some of Khalid's associates also apparently knew in advance that the intelligence chief had been expecting a very special visitor the day of the bombing at the house. As one longtime friend of Khalid's explained -- and several media outlets have reported -- the suicide bomber was a former Taliban prisoner who was allegedly acting as a messenger for Mullah Omar's Quetta Shura.

Like his one time colleague and elder statesman, former president and High Peace Council chairman Burhanuddin Rabbani, it seems Khalid could not resist the temptation to amplify his political profile as leading dealmaker cum peace negotiator. So when the freed Taliban prisoner arrived at Khalid's guest house cum safe house in the Taimani neighborhood of Kabul Khalid hardly expected the young man to come bearing a bomb in his underpants. But, much like Rabbani's assassination in October 2011, it was that close "personal touch," that dealt the big blow.

All this will, of course, require a lot of chewing over in the coming weeks and months ahead as NATO continues its accelerated withdrawal from Afghanistan. As for Khalid, he'll have plenty of time to think it through while he convalesces at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. And, at least he won't be lonely while he's meditating on his future and the prospects for NDS; Khalid has already received visits from President Obama, Leon Panetta, and, naturally his old friend Hamid Karzai in recent weeks.

And, perhaps while Khalid gets some rest and everyone's giving the latest turn of evens with NDS good long think, NATO and U.S. officials will finally sit down to hash out what to do next with America's top partner in the fight against terrorism in South and Central Asia. The White House in particular, might want to consider whether it can continue to tie America's fortunes to intelligence outfits like NDS without first figuring out how (and whether it's possible) to help governments like Karzai's to clean these agencies up. The Obama administration might also want to calculate the overall impact of its continued uncritical support for regimes that employ torture to ensure state security and how that might in the long-term hinder its efforts to unring the bell rung by a panicked Bush administration the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. If anything the most recent series of attacks in Kabul should have demonstrated to Washington, it is time for a serious rollback and reset where NDS is concerned.

Candace Rondeaux lived and worked in Afghanistan for nearly five-years, first as the Afghanistan-Pakistan bureau chief for The Washington Post and more recently as senior analyst for the International Crisis Group in Kabul. She is a research fellow at the Center on National Security at Fordham University Law School in New York, and she is currently writing a political history of the Afghan security forces from 2001 to 2014.

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Charges won't be filed against 49ers' Crabtree

San Francisco, Feb 5  : Criminal charges won't be filed against 49ers wide receiver Michael Crabtree after an alleged sexual assault in a hotel after the team's playoff victory over the Green Bay Packers, San Francisco's district attorney said.

After examining information submitted by police, District Attorney George Gascon said his office determined that no charges would be filed ''at this time.''

''The San Francisco Police Department - Special Victims Unit completed and submitted a thorough investigation of the allegations against Michael Crabtree,'' Gascon said.

Crabtree's attorney, Joshua Bentley, didn't immediately return a call seeking comment.

San Francisco police said Crabtree was never detained or arrested in the matter, and that he cooperated fully with their investigation.

The 49ers are preparing to meet the Baltimore Ravens in the Super Bowl on Feb. 3 in New Orleans.

49ers general manager Trent Baalke said the team was pleased that the district attorney decided to not file charges after reviewing the matter.

''Michael and the team can now put this behind us and move forward,'' Baalke said in a statement.

During the regular season, Crabtree became the first San Francisco wide receiver with more than 1,000 yards in a season since Terrell Owens in 2003.

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3rd-grader takes loaded gun to Detroit-area school

Inkster, Feb 5 : Authorities say a third-grade student brought a loaded handgun to his Detroit-area school but was stopped before he walked through the doors.

School district spokeswoman Val Hughes says the principal at Daly Elementary School in Inkster was tipped by a phone call before school started.

She says the principal met the boy at the school's entrance. The boy and weapon were removed from school grounds around 9 a.m.

Hughes says no one was harmed and that other students weren't aware of what happened.

No details were released about how the boy got the gun or why he took it to school.

Inkster police said that they couldn't release any information about the incident.

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Brazil: bar codes on sidewalks give tourist info

Rio De Janeiro, Feb 5 : Rio de Janeiro is mixing technology with tradition to provide tourists information about the city by embedding bar codes into the black and white mosaic sidewalks that are a symbol of the city.

The first two-dimensional bar codes, or QR codes, as they're known, were installed at Arpoador, a massive boulder that rises at the end of Ipanema beach. The image was built into the sidewalk with the same black and white stones that decorate sidewalks around town with mosaics of waves, fish and abstract images.

The launch attracted onlookers, who downloaded an application to their smartphones or tablets and photographed the icon. The app read the code and they were then taken to a web site that gave them information in Portuguese, Spanish or English, and a map of the area.

They learned, for example, that Arpoador gets big waves, making it a hot spot for surfing and giving the 500-meter beach nearby the name of "Praia do Diabo," or Devil's Beach. They could also find out that the rock is called Arpoador because fishermen once harpooned whales off the shore.

The city plans to install 30 of these QR codes at beaches, vistas, and historic sites, so Rio's approximately 2 million foreign visitors can learn about the city as they walk around.

"If you add the number of Brazilian tourists, this tool has a great potential to be useful," said Marcos Correa Bento, head of the city's conservation and public works.

Raul Oliveira Neto, a 24-year-old visitor from the Southern Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, was one of the first to use the icon and thought the service fit well with the way people live now.

"We use so much technology to pass information, this makes sense," he said, noting he'd seen QR codes on tourist sites in Portugal, where they were first used for this purpose. "It's the way we do things nowadays."

Locals — used to giving visitors directions — also approved the novelty.

"Look, there's a little map; it even shows you where we are," said Diego Fortunato, 25, as he pulled up information.

"Rio doesn't always have information for those who don't know the city," he said. "It's something the city needs, that it's been lacking."


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Actor Burt Reynolds reportedly in intensive care with flu

Los Angeles, Feb 5 : American actor Burt Reynolds is battling the flu in the intensive care unit of a Florida hospital, CNN reported.

The "Smokey and the Bandit" actor arrived at the unnamed hospital with dehydration and was later transferred to intensive care, Reynolds' manager, Erik Kritzer, told CNN.

"He is doing better at this time," Kritzer was quoted as saying. "We expect, as soon as he gets more fluids, he will be back in a regular room."

Reynolds, 76, is famous for roles in 1970s movies including "Deliverance" and "The Longest Yard." More recently, he won a Golden Globe award for his role as a porn king in 1997 film "Boogie Nights."

Reynolds had heart bypass surgery in 2010.

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Tattoo artist living his dream with the help of Colin Kaepernick as his canvas

Washington, Feb 5 : There were mornings as a young child that Nes Andrion yearned for the mother who he says left him behind in the Philippines at the tender age of 8 months old and times his stomach burned with hunger from so many inadequate meals – too often just bread and coffee, even as a toddler.

There were days, he says, his feet grew sore from having no shoes and his back ached from sleeping on a hard dirt floor – "just a bed sheet, no pillow," he recalls.

Colin Kaepernick carries the ball on his tattoo-covered right arm against the Packers. Colin Kaepernick carries the ball on his tattoo-covered right arm against the Packers. Through it all, though, a simple dream carried him.

The kid was an artist. The kid could draw. He could create. He reveled in the moment it all came together.

And so, sure, Nes Andrion grew up about as poor as you can in this world – "rock bottom," he says – raised by his aunt and uncle, in a tiny, crowded house on the side of the steep, thick mountains above Olongapo City, the Filipino port town.

He always saw something bigger, though. He saw art. His art, splashed across countries he could hardly fathom, seen by millions of people he could barely envision.

"I wanted to spread my art around the whole world," Andrion said. "I wanted everyone to see it."

Some improbable dreams will be realized when the San Francisco 49ers and the Baltimore Ravens meet in Super Bowl XLVII on Feb. 3 in New Orleans.

None, however, will defy the odds of this: Nes Andrion, the child raised in crushing Third World poverty will have his artwork beamed in front of a global audience of hundreds of millions, on display via the most non-traditional of canvases: the arms of 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick.

Andrion is a tattoo artist. Now 35, he lives in Reno, Nev., where he immigrated at age 10, was drawn into working with ink after high school and in 2007 watched a tall, redshirt freshman quarterback from the University of Nevada walk into his small, humble shop and ask for a tattoo.

Andrion didn't know who Kaepernick was that day, although his height and build suggested a considerable athlete. Kaepernick didn't know who Andrion was either. He arrived on the recommendation of a friend. They immediately hit it off.

"I had him do one piece, I really liked it, and I've been going to him ever since," Kaepernick told reporters.

Across hours and hours of Andrion covering Kaepernick's back, shoulders and arms with elaborate ink designs, the two became friends – the Californian headed for professional football and the artist from the other side of the earth.

"He's everything you want your kids to be," said Andrion, who texts regularly with the QB. "A real humble guy, quiet. He was always like that. Just a nice guy."

Kaepernick often had a specific idea of what he wanted done, sometimes a motivational saying, often from the Bible. He's focused on drawing inspiration from his tattoos.

"Against All Odds," is emblazoned across his chest. A version of Psalm 27:3 "Though an army besiege me, my heart will not be afraid" can be read on his left shoulder. Those words are surrounded by: "God Will Guide Me," which is Andrion's favorite.

"That's life," he said.

Then there is Kaepernick's back, a mural of angels and demons that took 18 hours over a couple of sessions to complete and has earned Andrion artistic acclaim.

Kaepernick burst onto the national stage in midseason when he became the 49ers' starting quarterback. Suddenly the heavily inked arms were flashing across television screens. "You don't see quarterbacks like that," Andrion said.

First there was curiosity, then some negative press and then a backlash of support.

As a show of confidence to his critics, Kaepernick has taken to "Kaepernicking" – kissing both biceps (he has "faith" inscribed on his right and "to God the glory" on his left).

"[It] is kind of my way of saying I don't really care what people think about my tattoos," Kaepernick said. "I got them for me and to show people this is what I believe in. And God has brought me this far. He's laid out a phenomenal path for me and I can do nothing but thank him."

For Andrion, the entire thing was a whirlwind impossible to envision. He's done work on other eventual pro athletes, but for the most part he was an unknown guy with a small shop catering mostly to college kids.

Colin Kaepernick smiles following the Niners' win over the Packers in the divisional round. (AP)Colin Kaepernick smiles following the Niners' win over the Packers in the divisional round.

It's even more difficult to imagine when you consider Andrion's journey. He says his mother, Evelyn, left him and some of his siblings behind in the Philippines in the late 1970s to immigrate to the United States in search of a better future for the family.

He was, by his own admission, "really poor," basically the kind of poor that has been mostly eradicated in the States but is too common in the Philippines.

"Just bread for breakfast," Andrion said. "Just bread. If you got an egg too, well, that was once in a blue moon." The home featured a dirt floor and everyone lined up at night next to each other. He was barefoot most of his life. "My uncle and aunt couldn't even afford a pair of flip-flops for me."

Finally, in the late 1980s, just as he was about to turn 11, his mother was able to petition to bring him and three of his siblings to America. She was remarried by then and while everyone crowded into a two-bedroom condo in Reno – "four of us sleeping in one bed" – it was a long way from Olongapo City.

All along he clung to art. He developed both his talents and a passion for the work. He graduated from Sparks High School, got into tattoo work and later opened his own parlor, Endless Ink, just southeast of downtown Reno and less than two miles from the UNR campus.

Tattoos, he believed, were the best forum for his work.

"I wanted my art to be on a person, not on paper," Andrion said. "I wanted it walking around. When someone has a tattoo, they are displaying my work everywhere they go. Every country they go to, I feel like I am going with them."

He admits the philosophy was rooted in the idea that a tattoo might be admired one or two people at a time on a beach somewhere. He never, ever, could've imagined this year, when suddenly Kaepernick's tattoos were all over television, the subject of newspaper and magazine photo spreads and website layouts.

He was quickly one of the hottest tattoo artists in the country. He says he now has a three-month wait period for an appointment and is requiring a down payment to hold the spot. The phone keeps ringing and his email inbox is flooded.

This here is the American Dream.

"It's not about the money," Andrion said. "Right now I'm not even thinking about it. I've always just poured my heart into my work and I've always believed if you do that, things will work out."

And, of course, he knows this story hasn't even come close to its conclusion. Nothing compares to the exposure of the Super Bowl. Of all the companies in the world cashing in on the big game, maybe none will, proportionately, benefit more than Endless Ink.

Kaepernick's tattoos, for any number of reasons, will be a storyline during next week's media frenzy heading into the game. Then there is the broadcast itself, which will attract an expected 100 million-plus viewers in the United States alone and be shown in more than 230 countries, including the Philippines.

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Survival odds grim for native plants fighting invaders

London, Feb 5 : Invasive species are winning in the battle for survival against some native plants in a California reserve, according to a new study.

The research has troubling implications for plant hardiness, the scientists studying the plants said. While some researchers have believed the invaders merely supplement the native ecosystem, the new findings, published online earlier this month in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that a few of the original plants could die out in a few hundred years.

"What we see is a serious invasion, meaning that as one or more invasive species start to become abundant, the native plants shrink down in their habitat," said ecologist Benjamin Gilbert, who did field research during a temporary appointment at the University of California. He is currently with the University of Toronto.

Among other experiments, Gilbert and co-author Jonathan Levine planted plots of several native species, including the native flower Lasthenia californica, at the Sedgwick Reserve in the Santa Ynez Valley near Santa Barbara. Researchers then observed the plants' growth and modelled the long-term trend for the plants' survival based on the experimental results.

In general, Levine and Gilbert noted that the seedlings did not do very well in areas dominated by "exotic" grasses, such as Avena fatua, and that the population sizes of the native species are shrinking to critical levels.

Researchers have found that the number of total species in an area increases as exotics take hold and natives cling on to life. However, the native species are restricted to small "refugia," or isolated populations, located far apart from each other, which could hurt their long-term survival, Gilbert said.

Such isolated patches make the plants are more susceptible to damage frombeing hurt by disease or fire; plus, it's harder for them to disperse seeds.

"The native species are pushed out of the best habitat," Gilbert told OurAmazingPlanet. "The analogy for people is being taken off a really good diet — it's getting them by, [but] it's not optimal."

Native species that have adapted to more challenging environments, such as rocky conditions, tend to fare better. "In this case, the only reason the natives seem to do well in these patches is it is so crappy for the invasives," Gilbert said.

As for protecting the native species, pesticides sometimes do more harm than good. It might be more effective, Gilbert suggested, to create a "corridor" of suitable habitat between patches of native species, which would help them again colonize larger areas.

One challenge, though, is that most of the native species develop naturally in small areas, although the invasives push them to sites that are much smaller than usual. This makes it difficult to study the impact of invasive species or to encourage the natural grasses and flowers to expand their habitats.

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UBS Chairman proposes industry-wide settlement over Libor

Davos, Feb 5: UBS Chairman Axel Weber raised the possibility of an industry-wide settlement for the rest of the banks involved in the Libor rate fixing scandal at a meeting of top bankers in Davos, sources familiar with the matter said.

Among the top bankers and officials present at the meeting were Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney, JP Morgan Chase Chief Executive Jamie Dimon, Citigroup CEO Mike Corbat and HSBC Chairman Douglas Flint. Carney is due to take over as head of the Bank of England later this year.

Swiss bank UBS reached a $1.5 billion settlement in December with U.S. and British regulators over its role in the manipulation of the London interbank offered rate, a benchmark used for trillions of dollars of financial instruments ranging from home loans to complex derivative products. It was the second bank to settle, after Britain's Barclays.

U.S. British and other regulators are investigating more than a dozen global banks over manipulating the rate, which is compiled from data banks submit about how much interest they are charged for loans from other banks.

Weber used the meeting of bankers at the annual World Economic Forum in the Swiss Alpine resort to argue that an industry-wide settlement - similar to deals which have been struck with U.S. regulators in the past - would prevent further reputational damage to the industry.

One of the sources said that although the idea was discussed briefly during the meeting, there was no agreement on pursuing it. UBS declined to comment on the meeting, which was held in private. The sources spoke on condition they not be named.

Details of the rigging of the Libor rate in settlements reached with UBS and Barclays provoked public and political outrage. In the case of Barclays, fined $450 million, it led to the departure of its chief executive and chairman.

Britain's Royal Bank of Scotland is expected to become the third bank to reach an accord, with a deal involving a financial penalty of up to 500 million pounds expected within days or weeks, sources have said.

Other banks being investigated include Deutsche Bank, Citigroup, HSBC and JPMorgan.

A group settlement was considered last year, people familiar with the banks' thinking said at the time, but the idea was not pursued because it was deemed too complicated to achieve.

Some banks were keen to pursue a group deal with regulators rather than face a Barclays-style backlash by going it alone.

The sources last year said discussions about a group settlement initially took place before the Barclays agreement, and picked back up in the aftermath, following the severity of the reaction to Barclays.

For banks, a collective agreement would reduce the risk that any individual bank will be singled out and face a particular backlash. A group agreement could appeal to financial watchdogs because they would be able to  announce a headline-grabbing figure and show that they were dealing firmly with the banking industry's misdemeanors.

The main obstacles facing a group settlement are likely to be a hesitancy on the part of the investment banks to work together in the fevered atmosphere surrounding the Libor investigations, and the large number of regulators involved in investigating cases.

Since the Barclays settlement, talks to reach agreements with banks have become more complex and bogged down by legal issues, banking sources have said.

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Analysis: Lengthy 787 probe, fixing problem, may cost Boeing dear

Seattle, Feb 5 : The slow progress of investigations into battery problems on Boeing Co's 787 Dreamliner jets suggest the new plane could be grounded for months, raising fears that the financial hit to Boeing will be greater than had been initially predicted.

Wall Street had been working on the assumption that safety inspectors would find the root cause of two battery incidents in the United States and Japan within weeks and Boeing would implement a speedy fix costing no more than a few hundred million dollars.

But, the head of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board said it was only "early" in its investigation of a fire on a Japan Airlines Co Ltd jet in Boston on January 7, while Japanese aviation authorities appear no closer to resolving a battery problem that caused an emergency landing of a domestic All Nippon Airways Co Ltd flight last week.

"Saying we are in the early stages of the investigation sent a resounding message to those who thought this was a quick fix," said Carter Leake, aerospace analyst at BB&T Capital Markets.

"If it comes out that ultimately it's a six-month issue or a nine-month issue, everything changes. All of this optimism and all of this costing assumption, starts to become bigger numbers. Once you get past six months, you have to consider cancellations."

Investors do not appear to be in a panic yet. Boeing shares are down only about 2.5 percent since the 787 was grounded worldwide following the emergency landing in Japan on January 16.

"Wall Street reaction shows confidence in Boeing's ability to solve the 787 problem," said Michel Merluzeau, managing partner at G2 Solutions, an aerospace and defense consulting firm in Kirkland, Washington.

Boeing does make four other kinds of jets, including the best-selling 737, and the company earns 40 percent of its revenue from its defense arm.

Still, the world's biggest planemaker is producing 787s, but not delivering any, a situation that could stretch the company financially and test investors' faith.

"One of our big concerns is that this investigation continues to drag on, and it looks like it may be more than just the battery overheating itself," said Russell Solomon, an analyst at Moody's Investors Service. "You start getting into three, six months out and it has a bigger impact and my guess is that they (Boeing) would have to potentially cut the production rate."

Besides the actual cost of fixing the 50 787s in service, plus another 50 or so in production or waiting for delivery, Boeing will have to compensate carriers unable to use 787s as planned and pay penalties for late deliveries, most likely in the form of discounts on future purchases.

It also is not clear whether any fix - particularly if the probes lead to the identification of a major design fault - would also be costly.

At the same time, it will be starved of the cash it was expecting for delivering 787s it is still producing at the current rate of five per month, which could add up to $300 million per month, analysts estimate.

And the longer the planes are grounded, the more Boeing is exposed, as airlines may start to reconsider orders and - in extreme cases - cancel some, especially if the battery fix adds weight to the plane and reduces its vaunted fuel efficiency.

Boeing, which is expected to report a drop in fourth-quarter earnings, is not talking specifically about costs of the 787 issue yet.

"It's too early to know the financial effects," said Boeing spokesman Charles Bickers. "We're focused on working through the process, getting to a resolution and returning the airplanes to service."

Douglas Harned, an analyst at Bernstein Research, puts the cost of a fix at no more than $350 million, or about 30 cents per Boeing share, in a worst-case scenario. Howard Rubel at Jefferies estimates the cost at somewhere between $250 million to $625 million, but notes that some of the cost may be borne by suppliers.

"There's still the hope of a relatively easy fix followed by a return to service within a week or two, but there's also the strong and growing risk that they'll need to redesign the battery system, which could mean another six to nine months," said Richard Aboulafia, an analyst at aerospace research firm Teal Group.

More important is the effect on Boeing's production rate, which is scheduled to jump to 10 a month by the end of this year, from five now.

That jump is crucial to Boeing's plans to eventually make a profit on the 787. Most of the investment in a new plane occurs early in the program, which means earlier planes cost more to build than later ones.

The quicker Boeing can refine the process and ramp up numbers of planes produced, the quicker it will reach the target of 1,100 planes, where it calculates it will break even on the program. At planned production rates that would take about a decade.

If Boeing makes fewer planes than it has budgeted for and is not getting cash in the door for deliveries, that could add up to more than $1 billion per month in "incremental working capital spend," according to Solomon at Moody's.

With $6 billion of cash on its balance sheet at the end of the third quarter, Boeing looks strong enough to deal with that, but the longer it goes on, the more the worries mount, said Solomon.

"If a billion to a billion and a half of incremental working capital consumption is the right number in terms of cash burn every month, you start getting into three, six months out and it has a bigger impact," he said. "My guess is that they would have to potentially cut the production rate if that were the case."

Cutting production of 787s, or halting it altogether, would be a huge blow for a plane program that is already three years behind schedule.

"The market really only cares about one thing right now and that is, will production change?" said Leake at BB&T. "I believe it will not, Boeing can't afford to do that. It's too expensive to ramp down and ramp up again."

Production delays would ripple down the supply chain, could cost jobs and could even mean the loss of future orders if airlines lose patience with Boeing.

Rubel at Jefferies said this is unlikely, but in the worst case scenario could result in a $5 billion write-off for Boeing, if it loses orders it was counting on to offset expenses it has already laid out in building the 787.

That would take its toll on earnings and likely mean taking a provision against those losses.

"It will impact equity investors," said Solomon at Moody's. "The company will grow much more slowly if they can't ramp to 10 a month and the program is not successful."

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Credit Suisse could owe $2 billion in National Century fraud: judge

New York, Feb 5 : Credit Suisse Group Inc faces a potential $2 billion of exposure over fraud that occurred a decade ago at National Century Financial Enterprises, a result of a federal judge's determination on how to apportion responsibility.

The decision by U.S. District Judge James Graham could expose the Swiss bank to hundreds of millions of dollars of added liability over the activities of Lance Poulsen, who co-founded National Century in 1990 and was its chief executive. He is now serving a 30-year prison term and is presumed insolvent.

The decision is also a victory for bondholders including the state of Arizona, AllianceBernstein Holding LP, Lloyds TSB Bank Plc, MetLife Inc, Allianz SE's Pimco unit that accused Credit Suisse of deceiving it about the company and missing its estimated $2.9 billion fraud.

"Credit Suisse and Mr. Poulsen are the last remaining defendants in this very serious case, and we are confident that our clients will prevail at trial," Kathy Patrick, a lawyer for some of the bondholders, said in a telephone interview.

Jack Grone, a Credit Suisse spokesman, declined to comment. Harold Levison, who represents MetLife and Lloyds, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Patrick estimated that there are more than $1.5 billion of bondholder claims against Credit Suisse, the placement agent for many of National Century's notes.

But the payout could be augmented by interest that has accumulated in more than nine years of litigation.

According to a transcript of a January 7 court hearing, Graham said "there seems to be general agreement that if the plaintiffs succeed in this litigation, they would recover something in the range of almost $2 billion."

National Century had helped finance hundreds of clinics, hospitals and other service providers, and bought accounts receivable from these providers with money it got by selling notes to investors.

But the U.S. Department of Justice said National Century misused investor money, funneled corporate funds to top executives, and lied to investors to hide the fraud. The Dublin, Ohio-based company filed for bankruptcy protection in November 2002.

Credit Suisse had sought a ruling that it should not be solely liable for any fraud attributable to Poulsen, who is now 69 and is the only other defendant remaining in the case.

But Graham said that under New York law, the bank could be held fully responsible for Poulsen's wrongdoing if a jury found they jointly caused bondholder losses.

"Even if Credit Suisse could prove at trial that Poulsen is insolvent, its argument that responsibility for some portion of his share should be shifted away from Credit Suisse and redistributed among the settling defendants finds no support in the (law)," he wrote.

The judge normally sits in Columbus, Ohio, but the lawsuits were recently moved to Manhattan federal court and his opinion was made publicly available there.

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Why the Gozi virus should never have spread so far

New York, Feb 5 : People love to have a sense of closure, but don’t kid yourself: the FBI’s arrest this week of three men in connection with a computer virus called Gozi that stole money from thousands of people is by no means the end of this story.

The narrative arc of a computer virus incident has become so consistent it is almost predictable: early reports induce panicked headlines in the media, with scant details about the actual impact. Eventually, if someone is apprehended, the world moves on, even though the other big culprits never wind up in prison. I am referring, of course, to the people whose computers were affected by the virus. IT security breaches are the one time when it is almost always fair to put at least some of the blame on the victims themselves.

The Gozi virus is also known as a Trojan. It infiltrated businesses the way a certain legendary wooden horse rolled easily into Troy. The wooden horses, in this case, are the employees of businesses who click on suspicious links in an e-mail, or fail to recognize a phony banking website when they see one.

Jeffrey Posluns, a Montreal-based security consultant who also sits on the board of Governance Risk Compliance Security International (GRCSI), has seen it all before.

“It could be as simple as someone bringing in a USB stick with vacation pictures from their home computer,” he said. “It might be systems that haven’t been patched with the latest software update to defend against the virus. Ultimately there aren’t that many ways to break into a computer.”

Those in the IT industry have been issuing dire warnings about the need for better enforcement of security policies in businesses for years, but that hasn’t stopped Gozi from affecting an estimated one million systems around the world, and stealing bank account information from scores of people. At a certain point you have to wonder what it will take for people to wake up and start treating their company’s data (and their own) with a little more care.

“I do think we may be getting a little bit better,” said George Odette, who founded the computer repair service Geeks on Site which assists both individuals and small businesses after a piece of malware hits. He cites his own mother, who was once clueless about IT security but now knows not everything she finds online is safe.

What may compound the problem is that so many businesses are now wrestling with how much freedom to give their employees around computer use. More of them are allowing the use of social media sites like Facebook during office hours, for example, or are creating policies that permit workers to bring in their own personal devices and connect them to the network.

The premise behind much of these new, more relaxed rules is that everyday people are more technology- savvy than ever before. The extent to which the likes of Gozi manage to inflict as much damage as the experts estimate may be the ultimate litmus test of whether companies are going to have to pull back on some IT privileges. It may take a considerable brilliance to develop a computer virus as sophisticated as Gozi, but spreading it depends on a great deal of carelessness and stupidity.

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Canadian police allege ex-SNC executive paid bribes to Gaddafi son

Toronto, Feb 5 : A son of deposed Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi allegedly received 120 million euros ($162 million) in bribes for giving major contracts in Libya to SNC-Lavalin Inc, Canada's biggest engineering and construction company, a police document said.

According to an affidavit the Royal Canadian Mounted Police used to obtain a search warrant at SNC's head office last April, the bribes were paid, in a roundabout way, to Saadi Gaddafi by Riadh Ben Aissa, a vice-president at Montreal-based SNC at the time.

"It is alleged that this money (120 million euros) were paid him as a reward for influencing the awarding of major contracts to SNC-Lavalin Intl," RCMP officer Brenda Makad said in the affidavit. The document did not make clear when the alleged bribes occurred.

The 59-page RCMP statement, redacted in part, was released by the courts at the request of three Canadian newspapers, the Globe and Mail, the National Post and La Presse.

In an allegation based on information from Swiss anti-corruption investigators, Makad said SNC-Lavalin paid the money to offshore companies belonging to Ben Aissa, and the money was then transferred to offshore companies controlled by Saadi Gaddafi. Some money was used to buy yachts for the son of the slain dictator, the RCMP statement alleged.

SNC, which has said that any wrongdoing was the work of a small number of former employees, said it was seeing the affidavit for the first time and had not been aware of some of the information it contained.

"We cannot determine the veracity of certain allegations in the affidavit," SNC said in a statement. It said it was eager for the situation to be resolved and would do everything it could to help the authorities rapidly get to the bottom of those issues.

In the affidavit, Makad said an RCMP investigation had shown there was a genuine friendship between Saadi Gaddafi and Ben Aissa "and that over several years SNC-Lavalin, through Ben Aissa, offered bribes to the son of the dictator to secure the awarding of engineering/construction contracts in Libya."

Ben Aissa left SNC in February last year and is now in jail in Switzerland after being arrested on suspicion of money laundering. The Globe said he had not been charged with a crime but was in precautionary detention.

The National Post and the Globe and Mail have reported that Ben Aissa had denied any wrongdoing, while a brother, Rafik Benaissa, said in a statement in November that his brother Riadh had been made a "scapegoat."

The RCMP statement also said former SNC controller Stephane Roy paid money from his personal bank account for condo fees for an apartment belonging to Saadi Gaddafi, and was then reimbursed by his boss, Ben Aissa.

Makad said Roy also helped arrange for an outside consultant - who has denied wrongdoing - to make a fact-finding trip to Libya as the Libyan dictatorship was falling in 2011. She said she had reason to believe the real goal was to help get Saadi Gaddafi and his family out of Libya.

Initial attempts to reach Roy for comment were unsuccessful. The National Post reported in June that lawyers had been unable to locate him and that a judge ruled he might be not cooperating. Saadi Gaddafi is reported to have been granted asylum by Niger. None of the allegations in Makad's affidavit has been proven in court.

SNC, a C$7 billion-a-year company with operations in more than 100 countries, has been at the center of an ethics and corruption scandal for more than a year after it revealed it had uncovered tens of millions of dollars in mysterious payments it had made.

The company's previous chief executive resigned in March, and he was arrested later in the year on fraud charges. The charges have not been proven in court.

The 101-year-old company has installed a new CEO and several new executives and tightened its ethics policies.

The company's stock, which is down 15 percent in the past year, closed 25 Canadian cents lower at C$44.88 on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

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US Air, AMR deal could come in next two weeks

New York, Feb 5: US Airways Group Inc and American Airlines parent AMR Corp are in the final stages of negotiating a merger, with the final price and management structure still to be resolved, four people familiar with the matter said.

The two airlines, as well as AMR's creditors and its bondholders, have focused their efforts in recent weeks on reaching a merger agreement, and a deal could come in the next two weeks, the people said.

AMR's board, which has not made a final decision and still considers its own restructuring plan as a viable one to revive the airline, plans to meet on January 28 and January 29 to discuss the latest developments in the negotiations, the people said.

AMR filed for bankruptcy in November 2011 citing high labor costs. A combination with US Airways would create the world's largest airline and help the two carriers better compete with larger rivals United Continental Holdings Inc and Delta Air Lines Inc.

Negotiations are continuing and could still fall apart, but progress has been made toward getting a deal done, the people said. An alternative plan for AMR to exit bankruptcy as an independent company appears a less likely path, they added.

All the people asked not to be named because the matter is not public. US Airways declined to comment. An AMR spokesman said the carrier cannot comment on the status of the discussions.

Representatives for AMR's unsecured creditors committee and its bondholders group were not immediately reachable for comment.

The airlines have a potential structure for the board of a merged company, which would consist of members from the existing boards of US Airways and AMR, and those to be designated by AMR creditors, the people said.

Negotiations have now largely come down to how the equity of the combined company would be split between shareholders of US Airways and creditors of AMR, and who will run the merged airline, according to the people familiar with the matter.

US Airways' formal merger offer made in November, which calls for its chief executive, Doug Parker, to run the combined airline, proposed that AMR creditors own 70 percent of the equity and shareholders of US Airways own the rest, the people have said.

AMR management led by Chief Executive Tom Horton believes the airline's creditors should own more than 70 percent of the equity in a merged airline, according to the people. It also remains unclear if Horton and the AMR board would ultimately agree to Parker taking the helm.

Horton rebuffed an aggressive takeover push from US Airways early in the bankruptcy process, saying the airline preferred to exit court protection on its own and consider a deal later.

But after several months of talks with its own creditors as well as US Airways, Horton has softened his approach and agreed to consider all options.

A combined American-US Airways would give American the scale to match bigger rivals that are upgrading service and expanding international routes. The merged company would have revenue of $38.69 billion based on 2012 figures, in front of United Continental which had revenue of $37.15 billion last year.

The new American would have a solid presence on the important U.S. East and West coasts and on North Atlantic routes, given American's revenue-sharing joint venture with British Airways and Iberia.

American has hubs in New York, Miami, Chicago, Los Angeles and Dallas/Fort Worth, while US Airways has key operations in Phoenix, Philadelphia and Charlotte, North Carolina.

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House partially gutted

Srinagar, Feb 5 : A house was partially gutted in Sonwar area here.

A police spokesman said fire broke out due to short circuit in the three storied house of Bilal Ahmad Rather son of Ghulam Ahmad resident of Iqbal colony, Sonawar resulting in partial damage to the house.

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Masjid roof collapses,25 injured

Ganderbal, Feb 5: At least 25 persons were injured two of them critically when a wooden roof of Masjid collapsed at Sayed Basti here in held Kashmir.

 Witnesses said incident took place when devotees were offering congregation prayers.

Muhammad Vilayat Shah, Sarpanch of Sayed Basti told Greater Kashmir that at least 1000 people were offering prayers when the roof collapsed. Injured were rushed to PHC Ganiwan and SDH Kangan where from two critically injured persons Bashir Ahmed Chopan and Abdul Majid Bokda were shifted to Srinagar for specialized treatment. 

Dr Qazi Javaid Superintendent SDH Kangan said that eleven persons were admitted in the SDH Kangan among which 10 persons were discharged after treatment.

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34,000 Panchs in IHK to get insurance cover

Srinagar, Feb 5 : The occupied Jammu and Kashmir is going to be the first state to provide insurance cover to the Panchayat representatives.

 Sources said that four insurance companies are vying for the contract.

 To mention after the mass resignations by the Panchayat representatives fearing for their lives, the government assured two concessions to them: Monthly honorarium and life insurance cover.

 Sources said that four insurance agencies in the race to get the contract for providing cover to nearly 34,000 Panchs and Sarpanch across JK include Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and New India Assurance.

 Sources said that government has made up its mind to go ahead with this project of insuring grassroots level representatives “who have been facing constant threat of their lives.”

 Sources said that a high- level team of government officials will scrutinize the submissions and issue formal tenders and ink the pact with the insurance companies.

 Pertinently, for the insurance cover government has sought expressions of interest from insurance companies.

 Official sources said the idea is to have a full insurance cover from the date of issuance of the policy till the end of the present tenure that ends in latter 2016.

 Curiously, since JK is going to be the first state that is seeking insurance to its PRI members, the bidding insurers will have to create a special and specific product to have this business.

Pertinently, the development has come after the five Sarpanchs were killed and scores of Panchs were injured in a series of attacks which led to fear among the representatives many among whom then offered resignations.

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Genetic breakthrough for brain cancer in children

Islamabad, Feb 5: An international research team led by the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC) has made a major genetic breakthrough that could change the way pediatric cancers are treated in the future.

The researchers identified two genetic mutations responsible for up to 40 per cent of glioblastomas in children -- a fatal cancer of the brain that is unresponsive to chemo and radiotherapy treatment. The mutations were found to be involved in DNA regulation, which could explain the resistance to traditional treatments, and may have significant implications on the treatment of other cancers.

Using the knowledge and advanced technology of the team from the McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, the researchers identified two mutations in an important gene known as the histone H3.3. This gene, one of the guardians of our genetic heritage, is key in modulating the expression of our genes. "These mutations prevent the cells from differentiating normally and help protect the genetic information of the tumor, making it less sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy," says Dr. Nada Jabado, hematologist-oncologist at The Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and principal investigator of the study.

"This research helps explain the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments against cancer in children and adolescents -- we've been failing to hit the right spot," says Dr. Jabado, who is also an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at McGill University. "It is clear now that glioblastoma in children is due to different molecular mechanisms than those in adults, and should not be treated in the same way. Importantly, we now know where to start focusing our efforts and treatments instead of working in the dark."

Inappropriate regulation of this gene has been observed in other cancers such as colon, pancreatic, lymphoma, leukemia and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, and future research could therefore reveal improved treatments for these diseases. "What is significant here is that for the first time in humans we have identified a mutation in one of the most important genes that regulates and protects our genetic information. This is the irrefutable proof that our genome, if modified, can lead to cancer and probably other diseases. What genomics has shown us today is only the beginning," says Dr. Jabado.

"Génome Québec is proud to have contributed to a project whose results will make a significant impact on the treatment of pediatric glioblastoma," underlines Marc Le Page, President and CEO of Génome Québec. "The outstanding contribution of experts in genomics and new sequencing technologies, made by the McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre and as part of Dr. Jabado's project, is further proof that genomics has become essential for development and innovation in medical research. I wish to acknowledge the excellence of the teams involved in this study and the model of interdisciplinary collaboration that was implemented."

"Personalized medicine has amazing potential for many areas of health care, including infection, rare diseases and cancer. Researchers, like this team, play a vital role in translating discoveries into improved patient care," says Dr. Morag Park, Scientific Director of the CIHR Institute of Cancer Research. "Through research advancements like this, there is now greater emphasis on using genetic information to make medical decisions. We congratulate Dr. Jabado and her team on these results."

Brain tumours are the primary cause of death for children with cancer in Europe and North America. The diagnosis of glioblastoma in a child or adolescent remains a death sentence and about 200 children in Canada die every year of this cancer. Most children will die within the two years of their diagnosis regardless of treatment.

This work was supported by the Cole Foundation, and was funded in part by Genome Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) with co-funding from Genome BC, Génome Québec, CIHR-ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) and C17, through the Genome Canada/CIHR joint ATID Competition (project title: The Canadian Paediatric Cancer Genome Consortium: Translating next generation sequencing technologies into improved therapies for high-risk childhood cancer.

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