Langford welcomes Afghanistan veterans home

Friday, 16 August 2013

Toronto, Aug 17 (Newswire): The Langford legion is welcoming home Canadian Forces veterans of Afghanistan with a parade, a ceremony and community barbecue.

Veterans and legion members will march to the cenotaph at Veterans Memorial Park at 10:45 a.m. for a remembrance ceremony and wreath laying. At noon, veterans will be honoured at the legion hall.

"It's like a mini Remembrance Day," said Patti O'Hara, manager of the Royal Canadian Legion, Prince Edward Branch No. 91. "With the mission in Afghanistan coming to an end and most troops coming out, this is a welcome home and thanks for a job well done."
Legions across Canada are honouring veterans of Afghanistan this weekend as the nine year mission fighting Taliban militia and aiding reconstruction efforts comes to a close.

More than 2,500 Canadian military personnel served on the ground in Kabul and around Kandahar at any given time. Since 2002, 157 members of the Canadian Forces have been killed in Afghanistan, with the latest perishing on June 25.

Langford legion is expecting at least 35 Afghan veterans, most who are based out of CFB Esquimalt or the 443 Squadron at Patricia Bay, although many others could show up. The public is welcome to the ceremony at the cenotaph and to join the welcome home celebration and barbecue at the legion hall.

"It's a way for the community to come and meet local (veterans) and say thank you," O'Hara said. "This is definitely something we want the community to be involved in."
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$360M lost to insurgents, criminals in Afghanistan

Washington, Aug 17 (Newswire): The US military estimates that $360 million spent on combat support and reconstruction contracts in Afghanistan has ended up in the hands of people the American-led coalition has battled for nearly a decade: the Taliban, criminals and local power brokers with ties to both, US media reported.

The losses, measured over the past year by a special task force assembled by Gen. David Petraeus, underscore the challenges the U.S. and its international partners face in overcoming corruption in Afghanistan. A central part of the Obama administration's strategy has been to award U.S.-financed contracts to Afghan businesses to help improve quality of life and stoke the country's economy.

But until Task Force 2010 began its investigation, there was little visibility into the connections these companies and their vast network of subcontractors had with insurgents and criminals, what military officials call "malign actors."

The murky process is known as "reverse money laundering." Payments from the U.S. pass through companies hired by the military for transportation, construction, power projects, fuel and other services to businesses and individuals with ties to the insurgency or criminal networks.

"Funds begin as clean monies," according to task force documents, then "either through direct payments or through the flow of funds in the subcontractor network, the monies become tainted."

The conclusions by Task Force 2010 represent the most definitive assessment of how U.S. military spending and aid to Afghanistan has been diverted to the enemy or stolen by criminal elements.

Only a small percentage of the $360 million has been garnered by the Taliban and insurgent groups, said a senior U.S. military official in Kabul. The bulk of the money was lost to profiteering, bribery and extortion by criminals and power brokers, said the official, who declined to provide a specific breakdown.

The official requested anonymity to discuss the task force's ongoing investigation into the movement of U.S. contract money in Afghanistan. The documents were prepared earlier this year and provide an overview of the task force's work.

Overall, the $360 million represents a fraction of the $31 billion in active U.S. contracts that the task force reviewed. But insurgents rely on crude weaponry and require little money to operate.

And the illicit gains buttress what the International Crisis Group, a Brussels-based think tank, referred to in a report in June as a "nexus between criminal enterprises, insurgent networks and corrupt political elites."

More than half the losses — more than $180 million — flowed through a transportation contract called Host Nation Trucking, the official said. Eight companies served as prime contractors and hired a web of nearly three dozen subcontractors for vehicles and security to ship huge amounts of food, water, fuel and ammunition to American troops stationed at bases across Afghanistan.

The Defense Department that it had selected 20 separate contractors for a new transportation contract potentially worth $983.5 million to replace Host Nation Trucking.

Officials said the new arrangement will reduce the reliance on subcontractors and diminish the risk of money being lost. Under the new National Afghan Trucking Services contract, the military will be able to choose from a deeper pool of companies competing against one another to offer the best price to move supplies. The new arrangement also gives the U.S. more flexibility in determining whether security is needed for supply convoys and who should provide it, according to a description of the contract.

The Pentagon did not provide the names of the 20 companies picked, but the senior defense official said none of the eight prime contractors affiliated with the Host Nation Trucking contract are part of the new arrangement.

HEB International Logistics of Dubai, a Host Nation Trucking prime contractor, "made payments directly to malign actors," one of the task force documents reads. In 2009 and 2010, an HEB subcontractor identified in the document only as "Rohullah" received $1.7 million in payments.

A congressional report issued last year said Rohullah, whose name is spelled Ruhallah in that report, is a warlord who controlled the convoy security business along the highway between Kabul and Kandahar, the two largest cities in Afghanistan.

Half a dozen attempts to reach officials at HEB's offices in Dubai by telephone were unsuccessful due to calls being transferred and lines going dead. It is also the holy month of Ramadan when many employees work shortened days and offices close early.

The congressional report said Rohullah's hundreds of heavily armed guards operated a protection racket, charging contractors moving U.S. military supplies along Highway 1 as much as $1,500 a vehicle. Failure to pay virtually guaranteed a convoy of being attacked by Rohullah's forces, said the report, "Warlord Inc."

Rohullah's guards regularly fought with the Taliban, but investigators believe Rohullah moved money to the Taliban when it was in his interest to do so.

Both Rohullah and the security company he was affiliated with, Watan Risk Management, denied ever making payments to the insurgents, according to the report. But in December, the U.S. placed Watan in "proposed debarment status," which prevented it from signing new contracts or renewing existing contracts. Watan challenged the decision in federal court. Two weeks ago, Watan and U.S. officials signed an agreement that states the company may not bid on any mobile security contracts for the next three years.

The task force also said contractors engaged in profiteering by forming dummy companies. A task force document shows three tiers of subcontractors below Guzar Mirbacha Kot Transportation, an Afghan-owned trucking company known as GMT. Four of the subcontractors appear on the first and second tiers, collecting $14.2 million in payments.

Basir Mujahid, a GMT representative in Kabul, said top company officials were in Dubai and could not be reached for immediate comment.

Power brokers — a term widely used in Afghanistan — refer to Afghans who leverage their political and business connections to advance their own interests.

Another task force document details the case of a power broker who owned a private security company and was known to supply weapons to the Taliban. The power broker, who is not named in the document, received payments from a contractor doing business with the U.S. Over more than two years, the power broker funneled $8.5 million to the owners of an unlicensed money exchange service used by insurgents, according to the document.

Rep. John Tierney, D-Mass., former chairman of the House oversight panel that investigated the wayward payments, said that the U.S. must stop the diversion of taxpayer dollars to the enemy. "When war becomes good business for the insurgents, it is all the more difficult to convince them to lay down their arms," Tierney said.

U.S. authorities in Afghanistan are screening contractors more carefully to be sure they can handle the work and also are trustworthy, the senior military official said. Authorities also are being more aggressive in barring companies if they violate contract terms or are found to be involved in illicit activities. Since the task force was created, the number of debarred Afghan, U.S. and international companies and individuals associated with contracting in Afghanistan has more than doubled — from 31 to 78, the official said.

Petraeus, who recently relinquished command in Afghanistan to become CIA director, told his commanders in a September 2010 memo to keep close watch over contracting dollars and "know those with whom we are contracting." Failing to do so could "unintentionally fuel corruption, finance insurgent organizations, strengthen criminal patronage networks, and undermine our efforts in Afghanistan," he wrote.

Tierney, the panel's top Democrat, said the new trucking contract is a welcome step. But he said he is still worried the military still lacks sufficient visibility and accountability over payments.

The House Oversight and Government Reform national security subcommittee has scheduled a hearing next month to examine the contract and the risks of outsourcing security in a combat zone.
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Porsche fails to halt US hedge fund lawsuit

Berlin, Aug 17 (Newswire): A New York state court has rejected a motion by Porsche SE to dismiss a $1.4 billion-plus lawsuit brought by 26 hedge funds alleging fraud and unjust enrichment stemming from its trading in Volkswagen's shares four years ago.

Porsche SE, a holding company, whose carmaking business in now owned by Volkswagen, said it continued to believe the damage claims were without factual and legal merit, adding it would appeal against the decision.

"Porsche SE also continues to maintain that the New York Supreme Court is not an appropriate forum for the resolution of the hedge funds' alleged claims, and that their claims should be heard in Germany, where several of these funds have brought claims against Porsche SE," the company said in a statement.

James Heaton, a lawyer with Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott, representing one of the hedge funds, Glenhill Capitalone, declined to comment.

Last week VW completed a two-step purchase of Porsche's sports car business, buying the remaining 50.1 percent stake it did not already own for almost 4.5 billion euros ($5.53 billion), plus a single ordinary share, to end a seven-year saga of feuding between the two branches of the two firms' founding family.

But German and U.S. investors are accusing the sports carmaker's remaining financial holding company Porsche SE of having concealed a move in 2008 to acquire VW and of covertly amassing a majority interest in Europe's biggest carmaker.

Back in 2007 and 2008 an ever growing chasm in the value of VW's two stock classes, its ordinary shares and non-voting preferred shares caught the interest of hedge funds, who believed the common stock was massively overvalued, unless Porsche was planning to take control through a "domination agreement".

They began shorting the stock by selling borrowed shares, betting heavily that the price gap between the two classes of shares would narrow since Porsche has said it would be "unrealistic" for it to amass a 75 percent stake in VW, let alone the 80 percent needed under VW's bylaws for a domination agreement.

However, months later Porsche revealed it controlled options covering 31.5 percent of VW shares, with the options due for cash settlement, not physical delivery of the shares, and therefore not subject to shareholding disclosure rules. In addition Porsche already held a 42.6 percent stake in VW and since Lower Saxony held another 20 percent stake Porsche had all but cornered the market in the remaining shares because its banks held onto the physical shares to hedge their risk.

The holding company's statement of October 2008 caused VW's share price to jump fivefold to just over 1,000 euros within days, briefly making the Wolfsburg-based carmaker the most valuable company in the world as short sellers raced to unwind their bearish bets.

Although lawyers in Germany say the hedge funds have no case in alleging that Porsche SE executives deliberately misled markets, the lawsuits played a key role in ruining Porsche's plans later on in the saga to be folded into Volkswagen.

Instead, having turned the tables on its smaller relative, VW decided to purchase outright Porsche's sports car business and not the holding company, Porsche SE, leaving Porsche's original owners stuck with the lawsuits and a company trading at a discount to the value of its VW stake.

The New York court's decision to allow hedge funds to proceed with their case will merely extend the legal process in the United States, at least until the end of next year, without increasing the plaintiffs' chances of success, said Albrecht Denninghoff, Frankfurt-based analyst at Silvia Quandt Research.

"I can't comprehend how the plaintiffs believe they're pushing a solid case," he said, pointing to doubts about the suitors' claims that Porsche withheld relevant information about its stock-building plans.

He also said the verdict was surprising since a U.S. district court had already dismissed a separate case brought by 46 funds seeking more than $2.5 billion in damages from Porsche SE in December 2010.

Similarly, a German judge raised doubts about investor cases against Porsche SE that were heard at a court in Braunschweig on June 27. Investors including U.S.-based Elliott Associates are claiming for more than 4 billion euros as a result of the Stuttgart-based company's actions to boost its VW holding. A ruling on two cases is scheduled for September 19.
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Women still favor Obama, but mothers less so

Parker, Aug 17 (Newswire): Sarah Formato cuddled the whiny 3-year-old on her lap and cast her thoughts back to 2008, when she had voted for Barack Obama.

"Politicians are in the pockets of big companies," she said. "Obama understood the problem. He wasn't going for that."

Today, Formato's enthusiasm has waned. "He hasn't changed anything," she complained.

Nonetheless, she added with a shrug, "I would give him another shot."

The president's fierce struggle for re-election hinges in part on women such as Formato, whose support has turned lukewarm. The 31-year-old stay-at-home mom lives in a swing district in a swing state -- the sprawling suburbs of Arapahoe County, southeast of Denver.

Few doubt that Obama will win a majority of female votes nationwide, as he did in 2008. The question is whether he will capture enough of them in key states to offset a comparative lack of enthusiasm among men. And the cracks in his support among women appear to depend on whether they have children or not.

According to a national poll of 25- to 45-year-olds, mothers tend to differ from women without children on issues ranging from the economy, taxes and military spending to healthcare and birth control -- as well as on presidential candidates.

Childless working women favor Obama over Mitt Romney, the presumed Republican nominee, by a striking 20 points, 46 percent to 26 percent. "Obama has done pretty well, stimulating the economy, getting out of Iraq and investing in healthcare," said Joanna Giddens, 27, who works for a Denver nonprofit and can't afford health insurance.

Working mothers were less likely to favor the president, by 42 percent to 34 percent. Stay-at-home mothers such as Formato, along with unemployed mothers, gave the president only a 5-point margin: 37 percent to 32 percent.

What the groups have in common is that, so far, no more than three out of 10 of the women polled support Romney.

"I like that Romney is a family man and his wife is a stay-at-home mom," said Formato who postponed her nursing career to care for her children. "But I'm not 100 percent sure what he stands for."

In 2008 women made up 53 percent of the electorate, and Obama won their vote by 13 points over John McCain, compared to his overall victory of 7 points.

Then in the 2010 congressional elections, women voted Republican by a narrow margin. They helped elect a GOP-controlled House that has sought to thwart the president's agenda.

Today, Obama and Romney are neck and neck in the polls, and both are furiously courting female votes.

"It's a scary time to be a woman," says a thirty something woman in an Obama ad that aired in swing states. A narrator explains: "Romney opposes requiring insurance coverage for contraception, and Romney supports overturning Roe versus Wade," the 1973 Supreme Court decision affirming the right to abortion.

In another spot launched last week the Obama campaign aired footage of Romney saying, "Planned Parenthood, we're going to get rid of that," and pledging to cut off funding for the group.

In Denver, the president gave a speech focused on women, saying, "When it comes to a woman's right to make her own healthcare choices ... you deserve a president who will fight to keep it that way." He was introduced by Sandra Fluke, the former Georgetown University student who has campaigned for contraception coverage.

Democrats are accusing Republicans of a "war on women." Romney has responded by homing in on women's financial insecurity. "The real war on women is being waged by the Obama administration's failure on the economy," he says.

Romney announced a new "Women for Mitt Coalition" headed up by his wife, Ann, who is more popular than he is, according to some polls. Three prominent women are billed to speak at the GOP convention this month: South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley, New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez and former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.

Colorado, where polls show the president with a slight lead, is among a handful of states experiencing the most intense barrage of negative ads. However, a score of women interviewed there over several days said they mute or fast-forward through the vitriol, and few were aware of the controversies over birth control or abortion.

Most were pro-choice on abortion and said all insurance plans should cover contraception, but they viewed these issues as secondary to jobs, education and general healthcare reform.

At Little Monkey Bizness, an indoor children's play area and coffee shop in a strip mall just south of Arapahoe County, Formato and other mothers were chatting or checking email on their laptops. Their offspring painted figures on butcher paper and bounced off inflated slides, shrieking with delight.

It was right out of Norman Rockwell, but it masked a sense of deep anxiety about the country and its politics - even before a man calling himself "the Joker" opened fire on moviegoers in Aurora, the largest city in the county.

"It feels like we're going the wrong way," said Stephanie Braden, a special education teacher who is married to a diesel mechanic. "I don't know how to fix that." She leans toward Romney but is disturbed by his attacks on teachers' unions and his support for vouchers. "I'm not sure I love him," she said. "I have to do more homework."

Among the women in the poll, the most pessimistic were stay-at-home and unemployed moms: 61 percent said the country was on the wrong track, and only 20 percent thought it was headed in the right direction.

Working mothers and childless working women were slightly more optimistic, but still felt the country was on the wrong track by more than two to one.

Obama visited some of the victims of the Aurora shootings in a local hospital less than a month after traveling to the state to tour a neighborhood devastated by wildfires. "He was respectful to people in the area," Formato said, noting that the president had called off his campaign ads. "I liked what he had to say."

The visits reinforced the president's key strength: his likability. "Obama is trying his best," said Shannon Phillips, who was feeding lunch to her three children at Little Monkey Bizness. A registered Republican, she plans to vote for him again. "I feel really good about him as a person. He is not extreme. He seems very calm and at peace."

As for Romney, she added, "I get the impression he's wealthy, and he wants the wealthy to be wealthy."

Tricia Lancaster, sitting nearby with a rambunctious preschooler, also voted for Obama despite her Republican registration. She regrets it. "I still like the guy as a person," she said. "But I don't know what he's done."

The disappointment is widespread. In poll, only 23 percent of non-working moms approved of Obama's handling of the presidency. Working moms and childless working women were somewhat more approving, at 26 percent and 29 percent respectively.

So would Lancaster endorse Romney? "I don't know if putting someone else in office would make a difference," she said.

Mellany Godwin, who was catching up with office email as her 5-year-old played nearby, plans to vote for Romney, "reluctantly." She is wary of his Mormonism, calls herself pro-choice and adds, "Men should do very little talking about women's 'hoo-hoos,' as my Mom used to say."

But Godwin, an insurance claims supervisor, is glad Romney will "get rid of Obamacare" (the 2010 Affordable Care Act). "Forcing people to buy health insurance doesn't get us to where we want to be," she said.

Godwin, 35, also approves of Romney's fiscal conservatism. "If somebody knows how to make money, that's someone you want steering your finances," she said of the GOP candidate, a former private equity executive with an estimated fortune of $250 million. "I've read that the federal government pays $150 for a hammer."

For women such as Nicole Esquibel, healthcare is the No. 1 issue. She dropped out of school to care for her mother, who was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 34. Today, her mother is cancer-free but has no health insurance, and neither does Esquibel. "It's scary," she said, adding that doctors have recommended she undergo a CAT scan because of her family history, but she can't afford it.

Esquibel, a 25-year-old gymnastics coach, lives with her boyfriend, who is a janitor, and their six-year-old son. Her boyfriend recently got a 50-cent per hour raise, which lifted him above the threshold for Medicaid. He too is now uninsured but would qualify again if Colorado opts to accept Obamacare funding to expand its Medicaid program.

Esquibel will vote for Obama, she said, because "he is fighting for the working class." The Democratic National Committee has sent a million pieces of mail to women in swing states, noting that the Affordable Care Act requires insurance companies to cover maternity care, to stop charging higher rates to women, and to offer mammograms, cervical cancer screenings, and other preventive services without co-pays.

Yet most of the women interviewed said they were unaware of how Obamacare might affect them. In the poll, working and non-working mothers opposed the law by 8 and 10 points respectively. Childless working women were evenly split between those who were for and against it.

Paradoxically, the split on Obamacare hasn't seemed to help Romney, who criticizes the law as a costly federal intrusion. When asked which candidate had a better approach to healthcare, three out of 10 of the women chose Obama. About a quarter picked Romney.

Women are ambivalent too in their views on taxes and spending. In the poll, more than three-quarters of the women opposed cutting Medicare, education, law enforcement, or alternative-energy spending to balance the budget. About two-thirds opposed military spending cuts.

But when asked which approach would best reduce the deficit, cutting programs or raising taxes, a plurality of mothers chose cutting programs. By contrast, a plurality of childless working women preferred hiking taxes, a position in tune with Obama's efforts to collect more revenue from households with $250,000 or more in annual income.

Formato, the stay-at-home mom who would give Obama another shot, is one who adamantly opposes deep cuts in services. "We don't pay teachers enough," she said. "We don't pay social workers enough. There needs to be a stronger safety net. Everyone cries for more cops, but if we need money for these things, that means we are socialists? It drives me crazy."

She is married to a midlevel executive at a successful company. Their income is comfortable, but her "American dream" feels tentative. "I have a house, a car, but all that could fall apart," she said. "I've seen so many of my friends' husbands lose their jobs. I've seen their houses foreclosed."

More women in the poll said Obama has a better plan for the economy than Romney, but Formato's outlook would offer little comfort to his camp.

"You think the economy is getting better, and then it seems to fall apart all over again," she said. "It is like a virus spreading across the planet. All the things that got us into the big mess in 2008 haven't changed."

She paused, and, just as she seemed to be channeling Romney's talking points, she added, "I think Obama needs more time."
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Deaf man gets hearing aid, asks, ‘What I should listen to next?’

London, Aug 17 (Newswire): Austin Chapman says he was "born profoundly deaf" and has "never understood" music--or the people moved by it.

"My whole life I've seen hearing people make a fool of themselves singing their favorite song or gyrating on the dance floor," Chapman, a 21-year-old filmmaker, wrote in a post on his studio's blog. "I've also seen hearing people moved to tears by a single song."

"[It] was the hardest thing for me to wrap my head around," he continued. "All music sounded like trash through my hearing aids."

But that changed earlier this week, Chapman says, when he tried a new pair of hearing aids for the first time in years:

    I sat in the doctor's office frozen as a cacophony of sounds attacked me. The whir of the computer, the hum of the AC, the clacking of the keyboard, and when my best friend walked in I couldn't believe that he had a slight rasp to his voice. He joked that it was time to cut back on the cigarettes.

That night, a group of Chapman's close friends "jump-started" his musical education" with a crash-course: Mozart, the Rolling Stones, Michael Jackson, Sigur Ros, Elvis and Radiohead.

    When Mozart's "Lacrimosa" came on, I was blown away by the beauty of it. At one point of the song, it sounded like angels singing and I suddenly realized that this was the first time I was able to appreciate music. Tears rolled down my face and I tried to hide it. But when I looked over I saw that there wasn't a dry eye in the car.

"I honestly never thought I would really be able to hear my own soundtracks because I have accepted my deafness, I have always been and still am grateful for all I've been blessed with so it was never a big deal to me," he wrote. "Now ... I'm overwhelmed and beyond grateful."

Chapman posted his story on Reddit, asking for suggestions of what songs he should listen to next. He's received more than 14,000 responses recommending AC/DC to Vampire Weekend and everything in between.

The most popular comment, he noted, isn't a song but rather a suggestion to listen to the music from the beginnings of its origins. It reads:

    This is like introducing an Alien to the music of Earth. I wouldn't know where to start. Once you're through your kick on Classical, I might start with music from the 50's and progress through each decade. You can really see the growth of modern music like that.

"I think it's a wonderful idea," Chapman replied. "I'm going to start with the earliest written form of music ... Guillaume de Machaut's 'Agnus Dei,'" a song composed sometime between 1313 and 1365.

But if you were thinking you might turn Chapman into a Chopin--or Metallica--fan, think again.

"Silence is still my favorite sound," he wrote.
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Sony cuts price of PlayStation 3 by $50 to $249

New York, Aug 17 (Newswire): Sony says it is cutting the price of its PlayStation 3 gaming console by $50 in an attempt to drum up demand for the 5-year-old video game console.

The last time Sony Corp. lowered the price of the PlayStation 3 was in 2009.

The price cut comes less than a month after rival Nintendo Co. cut the price of its handheld Nintendo 3DS player. The 3DS launched with much fanfare but lost sales momentum. That device lets players view 3-D games and videos without special glasses. But the value of 3-D is not apparent to everyone. The iPhone and other smartphones are also competing with handheld gaming devices.

Sony is launching its handheld PlayStation Vita in the U.S. early next year.
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Netflix gets kid friendly as it raises US prices

San Francisco, Aug 17 (Newswire): Netflix Inc. is giving kids and their parents a new reason to embrace its Internet video subscription service as it raises prices to the dismay of many customers.

A "Just For Kids" tab has been added to subscribers' accounts on Netflix's website. Clicking on the feature will pull up a list of kid-friendly recommendations drawn from about 1,000 movies and TV shows in Netflix's Internet video streaming library.

It won't suggest titles that are only available as DVD rentals delivered through the mail. That's an option that Netflix is trying to make less enticing to subscribers so it can save postage and spend more money expanding its selection of video streaming options.

As part of its de-emphasis on DVDs, Netflix last month announced that it will unbundle the unlimited video streaming option from its most popular plans with disc rentals. Beginning Sept. 1, Netflix's 24.6 million U.S. subscribers who want DVDs and unlimited streaming will have to buy the plans separately.

The change will translate into a rate hike of up to 60 percent, or $6 per month for those getting one DVD at a time. Tens of thousands of subscribers have posted angry comments on the Internet promising to close their Netflix accounts in protest.

The children's feature grew out of Netflix's recognition that its video streaming service is making it easier for kids to watch movies on a variety of devices at almost any time and any place with a high-speed Internet connection. The video can be streamed through video game consoles, the iPad tablet computer and smartphones. Netflix makes it even easier by allowing several people from the same household to stream through the same account.

That convenience and affordable pricing has established Netflix has a major provider of children's entertainment. The company, which is based in Los Gatos, Calif., says about half its subscribers have watched at least two movies or TV shows made for kids within the past 90 days.

Netflix has been mulling a change that would eliminate household sharing of Internet video streaming and require each individual user to pay a monthly fee. The decision to create a kid's-only section within its streaming library shouldn't be interpreted as a sign that Netflix is moving any closer to charging each user, said Todd Yellin, the company's vice president of product innovation. "It doesn't nix that idea (and) it doesn't fuel that idea," he said in an interview. "It's just something that's a possibility, but not imminent."

To shape its definition of kid's entertainment, Netflix relied on ratings from Common Sense Media, a nonprofit group focused on how children's issues. Netflix children's section will highlight different categories with the icons of popular characters such as SpongeBob SquarePants, Dora The Explorer and Miley Cyrus to appeal to its new section's the under-12 demographic.

The children's channel initially will only be confined to Netflix's website. Yellin said the company plans to add the tab to accounts accessed through the Nintendo Wii and other video game consoles, as well as the iPad.

Netflix's stock fell $5.41, or about 2 percent, to $240.87 in midday trading Tuesday. The stock price has dropped by more than 15 percent since the company announced its rate increase on July 12.
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US stocks fall on global economic worries

New York, Aug 17 (Newswire): More evidence of a slowing global economy sent stocks falling and threatened to end the market's three-day rally.

Germany's economy stalled last quarter and dragged down growth for Europe. In the U.S., the economic reports were mixed: Housing remains weak, but factory output rose last month at its fastest pace since an earthquake in Japan disrupted global manufacturing in March.

The major indexes bounced up and down as investors took in the news from Europe. Dow Jones industrial average fell more than 120 points in the first half hour of trading before paring most of its losses by noon. Stocks resumed their drop after the leaders of France and Germany tried to calm worries about Europe's debt problems by pushing for long-term political solutions.

But the markets were looking for immediate financial measures like a single European bond. The Dow was down as many as 190 points shortly after 1 p.m. before again paring its losses.

The Dow fell 64 points, or 0.6 percent, to 11,419 at 2:15 p.m. in New York. The Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 10, or 0.8 percent, to 1,194. The Nasdaq composite fell 31, or 1.2 percent, to 2,523.

A proposal by French President Nicolas Sarkozy for a tax on financial transactions particularly hurt stocks, said Nick Kalivas, vice president at broker MF Global. It "hurt the market significantly" because "it's another slap in the face to the banking system" and would cut into profits and limit trading, he said. "The path toward economic growth still looks pretty uncertain," he said.

Paul Brigandi, senior vice president of Direxion Funds, which has about $7 billion in assets under management, said, "Investors don't know which way to go here."

Stocks look cheaper after the S&P 500's 10.4 percent drop from July 21 to Monday. And more U.S. companies on Tuesday joined the stream of those that have reported earnings above analysts' expectations. But investors are still worried about the global economy and debt problems in both the United States and Europe.

Prices for gold and Treasurys rose as money moved into investments considered safer. Oil fell on worries that a weaker economy will mean less demand for energy.

Fitch Ratings also said Tuesday it will keep its credit rating on the United States at the top grade. Two of the three major credit-rating agencies now have stood by their AAA grade of U.S. debt. Standard & Poor's downgraded the U.S. on Aug. 5. That sent stocks on a volatile slide last week.

Europe's economy and debt troubles have been among global investors' main concerns over the last year and a half. On Tuesday, the European Union reported that economic growth in the 17 countries that use the euro slowed to 0.2 percent between April and June from 0.8 percent in the previous quarter. Germany's growth fell to 0.1 percent from 1.3 percent.

That will make it even tougher for Spain and other countries to raise revenue. Some European countries have borrowed so much that they may need help repaying debt.

Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel said all countries that use the euro should have mandatory balanced budgets and better coordination of economic policy. They also pledged to harmonize their corporate taxes to show they are "marching in lockstep" to protect the euro.

Sarkozy told reporters that he and Merkel want a "true European economic government" that would consist of the heads of state and government of all eurozone nations.

In the U.S., the government reported that homebuilders are still stuck in their years-long slump. They broke ground on new homes at an annual rate of 604,000 last month, according to the Commerce Department. That's down from 613,000 in June. In 2005, before the housing bubble burst, housing starts were typically above 2 million.

Manufacturing may be recovering. Industrial production rose 0.9 percent last month on a pickup at auto factories, utilities and mines. Manufacturing had been one of the strongest industries since the recession ended in 2009, but its growth had been slowing this year.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc. rose 4.5 percent after it said net income rose 5.7 percent last quarter from a year ago on strong overseas sales. Earnings growth was stronger than analysts expected, and the world's largest retailer raised its profit forecast for the year.

Home Depot Inc. rose 5.2 percent after it said second-quarter net income rose 14 percent and raised its profit forecast.

Investors have largely ignored the strong earnings that companies have reported for the second quarter. Those in the S&P 500 index earned a record amount last quarter on an operating basis, which ignores one-time costs and other special items, according to S&P senior index analyst Howard Silverblatt.

Investors have been overwhelmed by the market's volatility, said Tim Holland, portfolio manager of the Aston/Tamro Diversified Equity fund. "When you have these big swings, people completely lose focus on companies and their results. They're paying more attention to the market than the companies that make up the market. The earnings season was good and better than expected."

Holland said that not only are companies making more money, they have healthier balance sheets than during the financial crisis of 2008. He has been buying stocks made cheaper by the downturn. "We like to buy the best when they're depressed," he said.

Energy stocks in the S&P 500 fell 1.7 percent after oil fell 66 cents per barrel to $87.22

Saks Inc. fell 4.1 percent after it said it's going into the fall season "a bit more cautiously." Its higher-income customers have been spending more, because they're more protected from the weak job market than middle-income Americans. But the volatile stock market could hurt wealthy shoppers' confidence. Saks said its revenue rose 13 percent last quarter from a year ago, and it reported a loss of just $8.4 million versus its loss a year ago of $32.2 million.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury note fell to 2.22 percent from 2.31 percent late Monday as investors moved into things considered safer. A bond's yield falls when its price rises. The 10-year yield fell to a record low of 2.03 percent last week.

Gold rose $27 per ounce to settle at $1,785. Last week, it rose above $1,800 for the first time.

The Dow rallied 213 points on Monday after a series of acquisitions, highlighted by Google's $12.5 billion purchase of Motorola Mobility. It marked the Dow's first three-day gain since July 1. Its rise of 763 points over the three days was the Dow's biggest since November 2008, during the depths of the financial crisis.
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Documents cast new doubt on James Murdoch's denial

London, Aug 17 (Newswire): Lawyers and former executives have cast fresh doubt on the denials made by Rupert and James Murdoch over Britain's phone hacking scandal, raising the prospect that the media tycoon's son could be recalled for a new grilling by UK legislators.

In written testimony released by lawmakers, former Murdoch lieutenants poked holes in the dramatic testimony delivered by their ex-bosses before Parliament last month, accusing them of misrepresentations, exaggerations and more.

Claims made by the Murdochs carried "serious inaccuracies," ex-News International lawyer Jonathan Chapman said in a letter to the House of Commons' media committee, rejecting the notion that the two had been kept in the dark by subordinates.

"Nobody kept Mr. James Murdoch or any other News International/News Corporation executives from being in full possession of the facts," he said.

Other former executives contradicted James Murdoch's assertion that he hadn't been aware of a critical piece of evidence implying that illegal eavesdropping had been far more widespread than News International had previously claimed.

The evidence, contained in an email apparently addressed to a senior News of the World reporter, appeared to rip apart the company's fiercely-held claim that the illegal espionage campaign was limited to former royal editor Clive Goodman, who'd already been jailed over the practice.

James Murdoch told lawmakers he wasn't aware of the email at the time, but his former legal adviser Tom Crone said that he'd specifically flagged it to his attention during a brief meeting in June of 2008.

"I have no doubt that I informed Mr. Murdoch of its existence, of what it was and where it came from," Crone said in a letter.

Some of the most scathing attacks on Rupert Murdoch came from his former law firm, Harbottle & Lewis, which accused his company of misusing its legal advice.

The London-based firm said it was asked to perform a narrow review of emails at the News of the World following an employment claim made by Goodman, who'd lost his job after pleading guilty to phone hacking in 2007.

In Parliament, both Murdochs presented this as evidence that Harbottle & Lewis had thoroughly vetted the paper -- something the law firm rejected.

"There was absolutely no question of the firm being asked to provide News International with a clean bill of health," the law firm said in a statement. It denied Rupert Murdoch's assertion before Parliament that Harbottle & Lewis was commissioned to "find out what the hell was going on" after Goodman's conviction, saying that if it had in fact been asked to do what the elder Murdoch described, it would have refused.

"It appears there has been some confusion in the mind of Mr. Rupert Murdoch, or perhaps he has been misinformed, about the role of the firm," it added.

The attacks on the Murdochs' testimony are latest to pile the pressure on News Corp., which has already had to close the News of the World tabloid and scupper its multibillion pound (dollar) bid for satellite broadcaster BSkyB as the scandal rumbled on through the summer.

The controversy -- which centers on allegations that reporters routinely listened to phone messages of public figures and bribed police officers to score scoops -- has also claimed the jobs of Prime Minister David Cameron's top media aide, two top Scotland Yard officials and several long-serving newspaper journalists.

The near-daily revelations about past misbehavior have largely stopped, but the focus is shifting to the issue of whether James and Rupert Murdoch told the truth when they denied knowing what was going on at their newspapers.

Former newspaper editor Paul Connew told Sky News television that the publication of the new allegations that the pair misled Parliament "has been one of the startling developments of the saga so far." He predicted that Rupert Murdoch "will have to look very carefully at whether James' position is tenable."

The long-simmering scandal was first aired in 2006, when Goodman was arrested.

The correspondence included a 4-year-old letter by Goodman warning of what many have long suspected -- and what News International has long denied -- that eavesdropping was widely used at the News of the World and that senior figures there approved the practice.

The letter also alleges that Goodman was repeatedly promised his job back as long as he did not implicate anyone else at the News of the World during his trial -- buttressing allegations that the newspaper group had tried to buy his silence.

"If Goodman's letter is accurate ... the whole foundation of the company's defense for the last three years collapses," opposition lawmaker Tom Watson told Sky. "Day by day, week by week, we're slowly getting the facts."

Watson was one of the committee members who said it was likely to recall James Murdoch to answer more questions about phone hacking at the News of the World, telling journalists earlier that "it is likely we will take Murdoch back."

"There seems to be a question as to whether James Murdoch himself misled the committee," Watson said. "We have not reached a conclusion on that."

Committee Chairman John Whittingdale said there are no plans to recall Rupert Murdoch, who gave evidence to the committee alongside his son on July 19.

Meanwhile, police are investigating claims the News of the World illegally accessed cell phone messages and bribed police to get information on celebrities, politicians and crime victims.

News International said in a statement Tuesday that "we recognize the seriousness of materials disclosed to the police and Parliament and are committed to working in a constructive and open way with all the relevant authorities."

It did not address the specifics of the allegations made against the Murdochs.
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Home Depot 2Q net income rises on storm repairs

Atlanta, Aug 17 (Newswire): Home Depot Inc.'s second-quarter net income rose 14 percent as shoppers picked up lawn and garden products and made storm-related repairs during the summer, the company said. The nation's largest home-improvement retailer also raised its earnings guidance.

The results sent Home Depot shares up 5 percent in morning trading and are a positive sign that consumers are feeling slightly better about spending money to improve their homes. Purchases over $900, which accounts for about 20 percent of Home Depot's revenue, rose 5.4 percent during the quarter. Transactions under $50 were flat.

"Our second-quarter results were driven by a rebound in our seasonal business, storm-related repairs and strength in our core categories," said CEO Frank Blake.

He added that results were positive in the North, South and Western U.S., indicating a "stabilizing environment across the country."

The news came even as The Commerce Department reported that builders began work on a seasonally adjusted 604,000 homes last month, a 1.5 percent decrease from June. That's half the 1.2 million homes per year that economists say must be built to sustain a healthy housing market.

And the results stood in contrast to smaller rival Lowe's, which a day earlier in part blamed bad weather for its flat second-quarter earnings and cut its revenue forecast. Its shares rose 15 cents to $19.83.

Home Depot said it gained market share in several categories including flooring, plumbing, electrical lighting and kitchens.

Net income rose to $1.36 billion, or 86 cents per share, during the three months ended July 31. That's up from $1.19 billion, or 72 cents per share, in the same period last year.

Analysts expected net income of 83 cents per share, according to FactSet.

Revenue rose 4 percent to $20.23 billion. Analysts predicted $19.97 billion. Revenue in stores open at least a year, considered a key gauge of a retailer's financial health because it excludes stores that open or close during the year, rose 4.3 percent globally and 3.5 percent in the U.S.

The results show a "really strong quarter," said Janney Capital Markets analyst David Strasser in note to investors. Home Depot is "operating at a high level, taking chances where appropriate in merchandising, leveraging technology investments, and benefiting from a return to more localized marketing and merchandising in the store," he added.

Home Depot said heat waves as the quarter progressed drove sales of ceiling fans and refrigerators. Winter and spring storms and tornadoes helped fuel sales of roof, gutter and lawn repair products as well as cleaning supplies and water pumps.

Lowe's had also said that repairs after storms helped results, but added that heat and drought hurt its results in the Gulf Coast.

Spring and summer are the most important seasons for home-improvement retailers since people spend more on their lawn and garden projects during those months. Home-improvement retailers have slumped for more than three years after shoppers cut back on big-ticket renovation projects because of the moribund housing market and weak economy.

Home Depot has said that its sales performance is increasingly more correlated with the U.S. gross domestic product growth than the housing market. But in the current quarter, that was not the case, even though the company said its results are still closely tied to GDP growth.

"We expect that certain quarters will exhibit such a disconnect as there are factors such as weather-related sales, storm damage-related sales and event driven sales that on a short term basis can't be matched to any specific economic statistic," said CFO Carol Tome.

Home Depot, based in Atlanta, raised its full-year earnings guidance to $2.34 per share from $2.24. Analysts had expected $2.30. It still expects yearly revenue to rise 2.5 percent.

Mooresville, N.C.-based Lowe's said its second-quarter net income was nearly flat as its revenue rose 1 percent to $14.54 billion.
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Overseas strength lifts Wal-Mart 2Q profit 5.7 pct

New York, Aug 17 (Newswire): Wal-Mart Stores Inc. posted a second-quarter profit increase of 5.7 percent and raised its outlook for the year as its results benefit from international sales growth and cost cutting.

But the world's largest retailer was unable to stop a two-year sales slump at its Walmart stores in the U.S as customers continue to grapple with a weak job market and other economic woes.

While its international business has consistently been strong, Wal-Mart's U.S. operations have suffered as the nation's economic downturn has pummeled low-income Americans - Wal-Mart's core customers.

That's bad news for the U.S. economy since Wal-Mart is considered a bellwether for consumer spending, which accounts for 70 percent of the economy. The retailer rings up nearly 10 percent of all nonautomotive retail dollars spent in the U.S.

"It's clear that many consumers are still struggling," said Mike Duke, CEO of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., in a pre-recorded call. "They're trading down to stretch their budgets, buying a lower-priced brand of detergent, moving from branded canned goods to private label and purchasing half gallons of milk, instead of gallons. That's why we are laser-focused on investing in price to help our customers."

At a time when Americans are being squeezed by a weak job and housing market and rising costs for everything from food to clothes, Wal-Mart customers show that many consumers are still finding it hard to make ends meet.

In its monthly survey of customers, the retailer found that almost 40 percent of those polled are holding off or eliminating items they would normally buy. The company also found that job security is the biggest concern among its customers, with more than 15 percent of mothers saying they have experienced the loss of a household wage earner's job in the last year.

Those worries contributed to the ninth consecutive quarter of declining revenue at Walmart stores in the U.S. open at least a year, a key measure of a retailer's health in the U.S. A 5 percent increase at its Sam's Club chain partially offset that decline, causing revenue at stores open at least a year to be flat for the overall U.S. division.

Overall, revenue, excluding Sam's Club membership fees, was up 5.5 percent to $108.6 billion. Results were buoyed by Wal-Mart's international business, which produces 26 percent of its revenue. The company's international division was up 16.2 percent.

The retailer, based in Bentonville, Ark., reported net income of $3.8 billion, or $1.09 per share, in the three months ended July 31. That compares with $3.6 billion, or 97 cents per share, in the same period last year. Analysts had expected $1.08 per share on revenue of $108.08 billion.

Wal-Mart said it will continue to improve results. The company said revenue at stores open at least a year at its Walmart stores in the U.S. is improving and reiterated that it expects to see growth in that measure by the year's end.

The company noted that the 0.9 percent decline in the second quarter was smaller than the 1.1 percent drop it had in the first quarter and a 1.8 percent decrease during last year's fourth quarter. And after a difficult start to May, Wal-Mart said business improved in June and July.

Wal-Mart said results are improving because U.S. customers are beginning to respond to its turnaround strategies. After consumers balked at popular brand names and other merchandise they want being missing from store shelves, the company has been restocking those items that it had scrapped in an overzealous move to clean up stores. And its returning to a philosophy of everyday low pricing instead of slashing prices temporarily on select merchandise is resonating with its financially-strapped customers.

For the third quarter, Wal-Mart expects earnings to be in the range of 95 cents to $1.00 per share, while analysts had expected 97 cents per share. Wal-Mart raised its full-year guidance to a range of $4.41 per share to $4.51 per share, compared with the forecast it gave in February of $4.35 per share to $4.50 per share. Analysts had expected $4.46 per share.

Charles Holley, chief financial officer, said in a statement that the outlook reflects "our confidence for the back half of the year."

Company officials, however, said they still have more work to do.

Recent surveys, including one from WSL Strategic Retail, show that Wal-Mart that shoppers no longer believe that it's the low-price leader. Holley acknowledged that over the past three years the company had allowed the gap between its prices and those of competitors to slip. He said the company now is working with suppliers in lowering costs. "We are very focused on widening the gap," he said.

At a time when its customers are being hurt by the economic downturn, Wal-Mart also is facing more competition from dollar stores, online retailers and rival Target Corp., which is aggressively pushing into the grocery business. To better compete with dollar stores and the like, the company this year is opening 15 to 20 smaller Walmart Express stores, which are less than one-tenth the size of supercenters.

Holley said that the company has been pleased with sales at the four Walmart Express stores it opened this past summer.

Wal-Mart shares rose $1.93, or almost 4 percent, to $51.91.
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KU to hold international conference on globalization

Srinagar, Aug 17 (Newswire): The University of occupied Kashmir is all set to host 4-day international conference on Globalization and Eurasia: Changes & Challenges from October 18, 2011, a KU spokesman said in a statement.

He said the Conference is being organized by the Varsity's prestigious Centre of Central Asian Studies (CCAS) in the backdrop of radical changes taking place across the globe in general and the region at large.
 A large number of delegates from reputed institutions in India and abroad are expected to participate in the conference to deliberate upon the most key issues characterizing the Eurasian region, he added.

"This important conference shall open vistas for convergence of subject experts, area analysts and practitioners from Europe, South, Central and South East Asia," said the conference coordinator, Prof Mushtaq Ahmad Kaw.

He said the conference is aimed at exploring changes in power politics, ethnic composition, social structure, security scenario, economic order, democratic and legal constructs, cultural fabric etc. "It will also examine the challenges confronting the region due to ethno-religious, ethno-national, ethno-sectarian, and ethno-economic incompatibilities," Prof Kaw added.

Prof. G.R Jan, Director, Centre of Central Asian Studies said that the ensuing conference shall feature continuity in the Centre's legacy of holding annual international conference on diverse issues of the Eurasian region.

Lately, the Centre hosted an international conference on Revival of Silk Route. Pertinently, CCAS is the varsity's premier research centre engaged in carrying out research on historical and contemporary studies since its establishment in 1978.

The KU vice-chancellor, Prof Talat Ahmad, is the patron of the proposed conference.
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Slow work on Harnambal drain risks public life

Hanambal, Aug 17 (Newswire): The residents of Harnambal Natipora in occupied Kashmir have been suffering a lot due to incomplete drainage in the area. The work was started around a year ago but till now its incomplete.

Because of the incomplete work only half the road could be macadamized while the remaining portion is incomplete.

The incomplete work has been a cause of mishaps. In the latest, a woman and her child slipped into the drain. She was rescued only because of the timely action of the locals otherwise both would have died.
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Power reforms under APDRP elude urban areas

Jammu, Aug 17 (Newswire): Even as the power sector in the occupied state is grappling under   huge financial burden due to the losses incurred over the years, the Power Development department has failed to bring about  some discernible reforms in the sector despite receiving  whopping Rs 500 crore under Accelerated Power Development Reforms Programme (APDRP), 

While the scheme primarily envisages modernization of distribution network to arrest the huge transmission and distribution losses, most of the power supply lines in the state particularly in maximum power consuming urban centers have remained unchanged.
Officials said electricity supplied to most of the city areas is passing through worn-out cables laid three decades ago which have become threat for the people particularly living in congested areas of the city.

Sources said that although nearly 2160 km of power lines have been changed but most of the urban centers have remained untouched thus defeating the  objective of T&D losses incurred due to worn out distribution network .

"Stress was more on changing the 33 KV and 11 KV power lines and improving the infrastructure in rural areas but priority areas like urban centers have received less attention under the programme", said an official source.

 Even the much talked about laying of Coded cables project in the interior areas of Jammu city has remained on papers due to high cost involved in the project, Greater Kashmir reported.

However, a senior officer said that transmission lines cannot be replaced in one go as it needs huge funds. "We are expecting more funds for taking up the modernisation projects which mainly include replacement of worn-out wires- the main cause for T&D losses .

 "Under APDRP many areas were covered but it will take some time before there is total overhaul of the transmission lines and other infrastructure", said an official source.

He said the transmission and Distribution losses in Jammu and Kashmir have reached   to alarming  65 percent mark ,  but till PDD supplies electricity through these old wires, this problem cannot be addressed.

"Power losses are more in the urban areas keeping in view the heavy concentration of population and poor infrastructure and till this is reformed there cannot be any change", said a Divisional Engineer.

Pertinently, in most of the city localities like Nanak Nagar, Gandhinagar, Janipur and old city, electric cables have been laid around three decades back but have received little attention despite increase in the population.

It is pertinent to mention here that power reforms were started in the state in  2004, by previous Congress-PDP government to bring down Accumulated Transmission and Commercial (AT&C) losses to nationally accepted figure of 18 to 20 per cent from a whopping 65 per cent and curb the menace of thefts which had become norm in the recrnt years.
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Study sheds light on late phase of asthma attacks

Islamabad, Aug 17 (Newswire): New research led by scientists from Imperial College London explains why around half of people with asthma experience a 'late phase' of symptoms several hours after exposure to allergens.

The findings, published in the journal Thorax, could lead to better treatments for the disease.

An estimated 300 million people suffer from asthma, and the prevalence is rising. Symptoms are commonly triggered by allergens in the environment, such as pollen and dust mites.

These stimuli can cause the airways to tighten within minutes, causing breathing difficulties which range from mild to severe. Many sufferers also experience a 'late asthmatic response' three to eight hours after exposure to allergens, causing breathing difficulties which can last up to 24 hours.

In the early asthmatic response, the allergen is recognised by mast cells, which release chemical signals that cause the airways to narrow. In contrast, the mechanism behind the late phase has remained unclear.

In research on mice and rats, the Imperial team have now found evidence that the late asthmatic response happens because the allergen triggers sensory nerves in the airways. These nerves activate reflexes which trigger other nerves that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which causes the airways to narrow.

If the findings translate to humans, it would mean that drugs that block acetylcholine -- called anticholinergics -- could be used to treat asthma patients that experience late phase responses following exposure to allergens.

Steroids are the main treatments for asthma prescribed now, but they are not effective for all patients. A recent clinical trial involving 210 asthma patients found that the anticholinergic drug tiotropium improved symptoms when added to a steroid inhaler, but the reason for this was unexplained.

"Many asthmatics have symptoms at night after exposure to allergens during the day, but until now we haven't understood how this late response is brought about," said Professor Maria Belvisi, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who led the research.

"Our study in animals suggests that anticholinergic drugs might help to alleviate these symptoms, and this is supported by the recent clinical data. We are seeking funding to see if these findings are reproduced in proof of concept clinical studies in asthmatics."

The researchers hypothesised that sensory nerves were involved after observing that anaesthesia prevented the late asthmatic response in mice and rats. They succeeded in blocking the late asthmatic response using drugs that block different aspects of sensory nerve cell function, adding further evidence for this idea.

After establishing that sensory nerves detect the allergen, the researchers tested the effect of tiotropium, an anticholinergic drug that is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tiotropium blocks the receptor for acetylcholine, which is released by nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system. Tiotropium also blocked the late asthmatic response, suggesting that parasympathetic nerves cause the airways to constrict.

The study was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC). Professor Stephen Holgate, MRC funding board chair and an expert on asthma, said: "Unravelling the complex biology of asthma is vitally important, as it is an extremely dangerous condition which exerts lifelong damaging effects.

The Medical Research Council is committed to research that opens doors to improving disease resilience, particularly in conditions which attack our body over the long-term.

Studies like this are making really important progress and whilst we must always be cautious when taking findings from rodents into humans, these are very interesting and potentially important results."
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New non-invasive technology shows promise in shrinking liver tumors

Islamabad, Aug 17 (Newswire): A potential new option is beginning to emerge for patients with the fastest growing form of cancer in the United States, according to researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

In a phase II study, 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a liver cancer that often does not respond well to chemotherapy, were treated with very low levels of an electromagnetic field emitting from a spoon-like device placed in the patients' mouths.

After six months, the tumors in 14 patients had stabilized after each received three one-hour treatments per day each day; the therapy created no significant side effects. The most successful tumor shrinkage occurred in a female patient who has received regular therapy since August 2006; her tumor continues to shrink without serious side effects.

Boris Pasche, M.D., Ph.D., director of the UAB Division of Hematology and Oncology in the Department of Medicine, and collaborators reported their findings Aug. 9, 2011, in the online version of the British Journal of Cancer.

"The very appealing advantage of this novel therapy is its capability to shrink tumors without collateral damage. This method literally finds cancer cells in the body and blocks their growth without affecting the growth of normal cells," says Pasche, senior author of the study.

To date, other treatment options have been limited. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has only approved one drug, sorafenib, in 20 years. Pasche says this drug does prolong life an average of three months, but it doesn't make the patient feel better.

"With our treatment, seven of the 11 patients who reported pain prior to the start of their treatment reported either a complete disappearance of pain or decreased amounts," says Pasche. Preliminary evidence also indicates that the treatment not only affected the primary cancer, but also its metastases.

The small battery-driven "radio frequency electromagnetic field generator" has an attached spoon-shaped mouthpiece. The device is programmed and the patient pushes a button to start treatment. It is like a watch in that it emits low levels of amplitude-modulated radio frequency, resulting in the delivery of doses 100 to 1,000 times less than those generated from a cell phone.

"When you take the mouthpiece and put it in your mouth the body becomes an antenna -- the whole body receives a tiny but fairly homogenous amount of radio-frequency," Pasche says.

In a 2009 study, Pasche and research partners Alexandre Barbault in France and Frederico Costa at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil identified tumor-specific frequencies and tested the feasibility of administering such frequencies to patients with advanced cancer. They then decided to determine whether these frequencies had an effect on the growth of tumors.

Pasche believes this a promising therapy that could become a standard of care in the near future. The therapy is ready for an FDA-registration study and randomized trials, which will be initiated at UAB upon funding being secured for the project.

The technology also is in the beginning stages of being studied in breast cancer patients, by Pasche together with UAB collaborators Andres Forero, M.D., and John Carpenter, M.D.

"Although liver transplant is the most effective treatment, that option will be available for only a fraction of patients. Better therapies are sorely needed for the larger number of HCC patients," Pasche says.
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New experimental vaccine against chikungunya virus created

Islamabad, Aug 17 (Newswire): Researchers have developed a new candidate vaccine to protect against chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen that produces an intensely painful and often chronic arthritic disease that has stricken millions of people in India, Southeast Asia and Africa.

A single dose of the experimental vaccine protected lab mice from infection with the virus, according to a paper published in the journal PLoS Pathogens by researchers from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Inviragen, Inc., of Ft. Collins, Colorado, the University of Wisconsin, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of Alabama.

"Currently, we have no approved treatment or vaccine for chikungunya, and there's a real need for an effective vaccine to protect against this debilitating and economically devastating infection," said Scott Weaver, director of UTMB's Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, scientific director of the Galveston National Laboratory and senior author of the paper.

"Everything we've seen so far suggests this vaccine candidate could fill that need."

The experimental vaccine is a "recombinant live-attenuated vaccine" created by genetically modifying the chikungunya virus using techniques developed with the initial support from the Western Regional Center of Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, headquartered at UTMB.

The resulting vaccine strain differs from wild-type chikungunya virus in two ways: it doesn't cause disease, and it's incapable of infecting mosquitoes; the latter trait is an important safety feature to ensure that the vaccine strain cannot initiate transmission in nonendemic locations where travelers might be immunized before a trip to Africa or Asia. But it still provokes an immune response to protect against future chikungunya infections.

Such a live virus vaccine would also be relatively economical to produce in large quantities -- an important factor given the limited resources available in the areas hit hardest by chikungunya.

"We need to slow this virus down in India and Southeast Asia, not just to protect the people there but to reduce the very real risk that it might become endemic here after an infected traveler arrives," Weaver said. "The best way to do that is with a vaccine, and if you're going to make a vaccine you have to look at where it's going to be used and what they can afford."

UTMB has signed a license agreement with Inviragen for commercialization of the new vaccine candidate. In addition, the two partners have been chosen to receive a four-year, $3 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to complete the preclinical development work needed submit an investigational new drug application to the Food and Dru
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