Troops in Afghanistan find cheer with a Yule logon

Saturday, 5 January 2013

Kabul, Jan 5 : Marine Cpl. Brett Bass will do what a lot of American service members hope to this Christmas Day: “I’m going to give myself a gift of not turning on my alarm clock,” he said.

Maj. Bryan Burke will be trying to coax his 4-year-old daughter to say hello in a video chat. Specialist Marshall Little will have worked the graveyard shift as an intelligence analyst, so he’ll still be sleeping when an extravagant Christmas lunch is served at noon. By the time he wakes up, though, it will be morning in America, and he will go online with his wife to open some of the half-dozen presents waiting in his tent.

After more than 11 years of war in Afghanistan, there is still plenty of work to do. But this is the time of year when the tempo of the war slows dramatically. Insurgent attacks drop off as quickly as the snow piles up on mountainsides.

Here at one of Kabul’s main military bases, Camp KAIA, where the International Security Assistance Force Joint Command runs the war’s operational headquarters on the edge of Kabul International Airport, officials have done their best to put a festive face on a dusty and sometimes dreary landscape.

While Afghanistan may sometimes seem like America’s forgotten war — it was scarcely mentioned in the presidential campaigns — soldiers here say they do not feel forsaken. Technology helps, and many here said they would try to have video chats during present-opening time, despite time differences ranging from 9 1/2 to 14 1/2 hours. The military has also tried to create a festive atmosphere offline. Live Christmas trees have been flown in from New York, with a two-story-high one near the passenger terminal and eight-footers in the dining facilities. There is a big inflatable Santa on a roof, and next to the chapel is an inflatable helicopter driven by Santa, with a snowman along for the ride.

For weeks, the base has been deluged with packages, not just from family and friends but also from schools and churches back in the States. Capt. Dan Einert’s church, Beautiful Savior Lutheran in Topeka, Kan., shipped eight boxes full of 20 presents for everyone in his unit; the soldiers opened them at an office party.

“It was a very touching gesture,” Captain Einert said.

Until a week ago, Specialist Monica Martin, an Army mail clerk from Bell, Ga., and the rest of her unit had been handling two tractor-trailer loads of mail a day — more than 5,000 packages daily, not counting cards and letters, on a base with about 5,000 soldiers.

“I’m going to be sleeping all day on Christmas,” she said.

The American dining hall on the base will have a huge selection on Christmas, perhaps with a bit more emphasis on the desserts than usual, and heavy on the pie. The hall will be dressed up, too: two of the Sri Lankan cooks for the contracting company that runs the place carved and painted plastic-foam sleighs, religious figures and reindeer on Christmas Eve. Crepe paper decorations in red and green had been strung (interspersed with “Stop Suicide” stickers, with a base phone number).

When it’s mealtime, 32 generals and other top officers will dish food out to the rank and file. It is an old American military tradition, but not one that allied brass share — or, in some cases, understand.

Still, nine Afghan generals will join the serving line this year, said Maj. Gen. Lawrence D. Nicholson, the deputy chief of staff and one of the servers. They were good sports about it, he said. “A couple of them were, ‘Great, I’m coming,’ ” General Nicholson said. “A couple were: ‘O.K., explain this to me again? We will do what?’ ”

The general knows that Christmases on deployment take a toll; he’s had four, and some here have had more. “This is one of the toughest times of the year,” he said. But he noted at least one upside: “You don’t have to worry about shopping malls.”

Deployed soldiers at bases like this one do have an on-base bazaar, where some can buy presents like Afghan souvenirs and lapis lazuli, rugs and carvings, and pay only United States domestic postal rates to ship them to people at home. Still, most do their shopping entirely online, where, many noted with satisfaction, the wrapping can be done for you.

“When you’re deployed, you make a second family,” said Major Burke, an Air Force officer spending his fourth Christmas away. “You do a lot of things together, and you make friends quickly. Misery loves company, I guess, and in this case you have plenty of company.”

The major said he would try later to talk to his daughters, Reagan, 4, and Ellie, 8 months, over Skype. Reagan has taken to refusing to speak on the phone, he said, but Skype entices her. “The younger one just thinks I’m on television,” he said.

Col. John Wilbourne, an Air Force trainer, is spending his first Christmas away from his family of four, and said he had come to Afghanistan somewhat “disenchanted” by the public mood of uninterest back home. “But I’ve seen the tremendous strides we have taken, and I know it sounds like a public service announcement, but I mean that,” he said. “I believe we’re going to win this.”

On Christmas Eve, he used his iPad to record part of a candlelight service, which included a soldiers’ ensemble of two saxophones, violin, drums and keyboard, as well as a choir to lead the caroling. His wife and mother had organized their relatives and friends to each send him a Christmas ornament, and the ornaments arrived day after day, to add to the tree on his desk.

“It’s been sad this Christmas, but kind of exciting, too,” Colonel Wilbourne said. “My children, they’re 13 and 12. They’re troupers. They miss me a lot, but it makes you feel better when we’re actually doing some good — helps them cope a little better.”

At the candlelight service, the senior chaplain, Col. Rod Lindsay, gave an impassioned sermon, talking about how soldiers are driven to do their work “because someone lit up their life.”

He talked about the soldier’s life as being constantly on guard against darkness, and noted that war zones had no monopoly on it. “There’s a place in Connecticut where the light is very dim,” Colonel Lindsay said. “We don’t have to go all the way to Afghanistan to experience a deep, gloomy, dreary darkness.”

For now, though, they are experiencing it here, and for the most part making the best of it.

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Army to build 'Afghan compound' on Salisbury Plain

Kabul, Jan 5: Compounds designed to replicate Afghan villages are to be built on Salisbury Plain to better prepare troops for deployment.

Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO) has been given planning permission to build 50 "simplified structures" at 27 sites on the plain.

The British Army runs major exercises on Salisbury Plain twice a year.

Lt Col Mark Hiskett said he was "delighted" as it would "enhance the realism of exercises for our soldiers".

The DIO has been given permission to install a total of 100 shipping containers with removable hoardings, to replicate Afghan houses.

Wiltshire Council approved the plans on condition the structures are removed by the end of 2015.

The 6m (19 ft) long shipping containers will be used to replicate civilian compounds to allow troops "to rehearse the type of day-to-day operations which they would carry out in Afghanistan".

"We're delighted that planning permission has been secured for the compounds - it means we are able to add to the existing compounds across the plain," said Lt Col Hiskett.

"We cannot replicate Afghanistan on Salisbury Plain, but we can put in place adequate infrastructure to enable essential tactics, tools and techniques to be rehearsed, practiced and perfected."

Work is due to begin on the facilities at the end of January.

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Afghan asylum bids hit 10-year high

Kabul, Jan 5 : More Afghans fled the country and sought asylum abroad in 2011 than in any other year since the start of the decade-long war, suggesting that many are looking for their own exit strategy as international troops prepare to withdraw.

From January to November, more than 30,000 Afghans applied for political asylum worldwide, a 25 percent increase over the same period the previous year and more than triple the level of just four years ago, according to UN statistics ahead of their scheduled publication later this year.

Many Afghans are turning to a thriving and increasingly sophisticated human smuggling industry to get themselves -- or in most cases, their sons -- out of the country. They pay anywhere from a few hundred dollars to cross into Iran or Pakistan to more $25,000 for fake papers and flights to places like London or Stockholm.

Thousands of refugees also return each year, but their numbers have been dwindling as the asylum applications rise. Both trends highlight worries among Afghans about what may happen after 2014, when American and other NATO troops turn security over to the Afghan army and police.

The true numbers of people leaving is likely even higher -- since those who are successfully smuggled abroad often melt into an underground economy. Still, the jump in a rough indicator like asylum seekers suggests the total numbers are also on the rise.

Smuggling people out of Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan is a $1 billion-per-year criminal enterprise, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime estimates. Those who pay to leave often face a risky journey and detention abroad because many developed countries now see many Afghans who flee as illegal economic migrants, not political refugees.

Still, the business finds an eager clientele in Afghans such as Ahmad, an unemployed 20-year-old in Kabul. He has agreed to pay a smuggler $400 to take him over the Iranian border, where he hopes to find work and save up to move on to Europe in a few years. He has no money, but his smuggler is giving him credit -- he'll have a month to pay up once he's in Iran.

"I don't think anything will improve in three or five years, so it's better to leave now," said Ahmad, who expects to leave for Iran within a few weeks. He asked to be identified only by his first name for fear of being arrested.

Ahmad's family fled to Iran during the Taliban's late 1990s rule and returned full of hope after the regime fell. But now, he sees no future in his homeland.

"If foreign troops leave, the situation will only get worse, not better," he said.

That's a view shared by many. Tajma Kurt, who manages an International Organization for Migration program helping Afghans who have returned home, says she's noticed a marked change in ordinary Afghans' outlook since roughly 2007, when the Taliban insurgency began to gain strength and violent attacks increased.

"Before, they were looking for a job, discussing buying a house or whatever," Kurt said. "Now, they are all thinking of leaving because the situation has deteriorated dramatically and they don't see that it's going to get much better."

Devastated by decades of war, Afghanistan is already the world's biggest source of refugees, with more than 3 million of its total population of 30 million still outside the country, most in Iran and Pakistan, according to the office of the UN High Commissioner of Refugees and the Afghan government.

After the 2001 US-led military intervention that toppled the Taliban, some 5.7 million Afghan refugees returned. The vast majority of those came back in the first five years. The numbers have since dwindled, with about 60,000 refugees returning last year, about half the number as the previous year.

As the pace of returns slowed, the number of Afghans seeking asylum abroad rebounded. In 2011, 30,407 sought asylum through November, the latest available figures.

Driving both trends is not only economic ambition but deep uncertainties about the country's future, says Abdul Samad Hami, deputy minister of Afghanistan's Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation.

"Who knows what happens when foreign troops leave Afghanistan? Is it going to get better or worse? Who knows what happens with the foreign aid to Afghanistan -- going down or increasing?" he said.

Some Afghans fear that once most foreign troops leave, the Taliban will take over more territory and civil war could erupt along ethnic lines, as it did in the 1990s. Others worry the Afghan economy will collapse if foreign aid dries up.

The real number of Afghans leaving is unknown, but undoubtedly higher than the asylum figures. The country's foreign ministry recently said 50,000 Afghans illegally entered Greece in the past two years alone, many of them now stranded without passports or money to move farther into Europe. Most of those arranged their journey with smugglers.

For their money, many endure a perilous journey.

Esmat Adine nearly drowned after the overcrowded boat he was on sank off Indonesia late last year, killing at least 200 fellow asylum-seekers headed for Australia. He says he left his wife and infant son at home in Afghanistan and paid $5,000 to travel to Australia after the Taliban threatened to kill him for working with American aid workers. He flew from Kabul to Dubai, then boarded a plane to Jakarta, Indonesia. From there, he was taken to eastern Java and was packed onto the doomed boat.

When the vessel capsized, Adine managed to survive by swimming to a nearby island.

"I swam and swam until I reached the shore," Adine, 24, said in an Indonesian detention center, where he is awaiting a ruling on his legal status. "I thought of how my wife and children are counting on me, of how I must earn a good life in Australia, free from intimidation."

He says he still hopes to be able to enter Australia and send for his family.

Australia has vowed to crack down on asylum-seekers but has been forced to relax a policy of mandatory detention because its detention camps are dangerously overcrowded.

Hami, the Afghan refugee official, says the country has come a long way and if the transition goes smoothly, fewer people will want to leave. But he conceded that depends on whether the government can provide security and jobs.

"If the situation gets worse, people will go out. If the situation gets better, people will return."

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Soyuz capsule docks with space Station

Almaty, Jan 5 : A Soyuz capsule packed with three astronauts successfully docked with the International Space Station, taking the size of the full crew at the orbiting laboratory to six.

American Tom Marshburn, Russian Roman Romanenko and Canadian Chris Hadfield traveled two days in the capsule before linking up with the space station's Russian Rassvet research module.

The docking took place around 255 miles (410 kilometers) above the capital of Kazakhstan.

Almost three hours passed before pressure was equalized between the capsule and the space station, allowing for safe entrance.

As the hatches were unlocked, the arriving trio was welcomed by NASA astronaut Kevin Ford and Russian colleagues Oleg Novitsky and Yevgeny Tarelkin.

The six colleagues exchanged hugs and posed for photos as they floated in the weightless atmosphere of the station.

Minutes after entry, Hadfield could be heard saying in English: "I love what you've done with the place."

Hadfield flew to the space station in 2001, when he spent 11 days at the facility and performed two spacewalks. He will take over as the space station's first ever Canadian commander in its fourteen year history when the crew now onboard prepares to leave in March.

Family members spoke for the first since the launch with the astronauts in a linkup from the Korolyov space center outside Moscow.

"It was just a heck of a ride for the three of us. It's like being on a crazy dragster, just a fun, crazy zip up to space," Hadfield said, speaking to his son.

The incoming crew will spend nearly five months at the space station before returning to earth.

Their mission began with a launch from the Russian-leased Baikonur space port in southern Kazakhstan.

The International Space Station is the biggest orbiting outpost ever built and can sometimes be seen from the Earth with the naked eye. It consists of more than a dozen modules built by the U.S., Russia, Canada, Japan and the European Space Agency.

The astronauts will conduct some 50 scientific experiments including a test for a system aimed at predicting natural calamities.

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